History of Vollyball

Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical director of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was created as an indoor sport for businessmen who found the game of basketball too difficult.

Morgan called the sport “mignonette,” until a professor from Springfield College in Massachusetts said that “volleyball” would be a better fitting name for the game. The original rules were written by Morgan and printed in 1897 and were dubbed "The Official Handbook of the Athletic League of the Young Men’s Christian Associations of North America". And it was soon to be taught in other countries.

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country.

Kazakhstan was part of the USSR before independence. 

Astana is the capital.

Kazakhstan is full of natural resources, about 100 elements from the periodic table can be found and mined in Kazakhstan.

The population of 18.1 million people.

Jordan

 Amman is their capital.

Petra is here, the place where Indiana Jones drank the goblet thingy.

Jordan shares the dead sea with Israel which is 9 times saltier than any ocean. 

Even though Jordan is a desert they get rain, and sometimes, even snow. But rain is very rare as most of the wild animals have either died or when extinct because of the lack of rain.

A population of 10.27 million.

Jordanian Dinar is their currency.

There are about 3 million Palestinians fleeing to the nearby countries of Iraq, Israel, and you guessed it Jordan. Meaning that there was a massive influx of people that Jordan, an already resource-scarce country, has to provide for people that they did not see coming. 

History of glass

Glass dates back to about 2500 BC. It originated in Mesopotamia and then was later brought to Egypt. Vessels of glass appeared about 1450 BC, during the reign of Thutmose III, a pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt.

 Glass is naturally according due to the type of glass named Obsidian glass from volcanos, in the stone age, obsidian was used in tools and weapons for its razor-sharp capabilities.   

During the late bronze age in Egypt, there was a sudden surge in the popularity of glassmaking, Archelogiests found colored glass ingots and beads. 

around the 15th century, glass production increased around Western Asia and Egypt, glass was a material of luxury as only the rich could afford it. The techniques and recipes for glass and the other materials that were fuzed with it were secret only to the particular industries that knew how to make it. Glass workers elsewhere had to rely on imports of pre-formed glass, often formed in glass ingots.

The first "manual" for glassmaking dates back to ca. 650 BCE, instructions on how to make glass are contained on a stone tablet in the library of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. 

And now glass is used in windows and in cars and other things. Glass is cool.

History of Marbles

 Marbles. You have seen them, small glass marbles completely smooth.

Historians think that centuries ago cave people used rocks and small pebbles.

Round balls of clay, were found in tombs in ancient Egypt, and Aztec pyramids, for thousands of years marbles were a large form of entertainment and a popular game.

In 1815 the earliest book on marbles was published in England; according to the book, marbles were made of clay, glass, or even real marble at that time. 

In 1848 a German glassblower invented the marble scissors (a mold to make marbles) that revolutionized the process of making marbles. Then in 1890, the first machine-made marbles were made in Germany and later that year in the United States probably in Ohio.

In 1950 several changes occurred in marble making. First, in Japan, the cat's eyes marble was created by injecting colored glass into the normal marble. Then in the U.S. People found out that if you bake your marbles before they cool you will get a crackled effect.

Perhaps the biggest event in marble history occurred in 1960 when Neil Armstrong (the first man on the moon) described the Earth out of his spaceship window as a “big blue marble.”

In the 1980s magnetic marbles became a sensation because of the “Toys in Space” program.

There has been a National Marbles Tournament since 1922.

Marbles little small balls of history.

 

A plant that kills you

 Dumbcane is a plant that has big leaves and a streak of white in the middle of the leaf.

If you eat it, it causes blisters or swelling that can cause difficulting breathing and speaking. The reason behind it is Calcium Oxalate, the main component of kidney stones. The effects can last to 2 weeks and become fatal if it is in your windpipe.

Poison ivy with mangos

 Poison ivy and mangos skin have the same chemicals, titled urushiol, that is on both mango skins and the whole poison ivy plant.

Meaning that if you were to touch poison ivy before eating mangos, your body could be conditioned to see the urushiol in the mango as poison ivy, meaning you could be allergic to mangos if you get in contact first with ivy.

So to be safe eat mangos so that your body gets used to urushiol, then you can touch poison ivy.

Apples going yellow

 when apples go brown there is a chemical called polyphenol oxidase, which reacts with oxygen (the stuff that we breathe and is all around us), and has the annoying side effect of when it reacts to oxygen it makes a brown pigment.

All you have to do is stop it or block that enzyme and it will not turn brown, since they are proteins you can change them in a variety of ways. 

Heating them up, cooling them, or changing acidic levels, a way to do this is with lemon juice as that is very acidic, since it is acidic it changes the enzyme and blocks polyphenol oxidase, if you dislike the lemon flavor, you can do it with lemon juice (it won't work as well but still a choice). 

Strangely enough Saltwater does also work, studies show that the salt in the water binds with something in the polyphenol oxidase and stops it.

Yeah, either apple juice, lemon juice, or saltwater. No more yellow-brown or yellow apples. :D

Japan

 Tokyo is the largest city in the world fitting about 37 million people.

The country is made of 6850 islands, but most of the land is made of 4 main islands, Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku.

Known for its amazing public transportation system in the world with bullet trains.

They also have lots of volcanos, so they use that to make hot spring baths.

They love fish and it is the most technologically advanced fishing country and has the largest fish market in the world.

They are the leaders of robotics in the world.

With he population of 127 million people.

Japenese Yen as currency.

The Japanese langue is not that hard to learn but is it a nightmare to write, they use Kanji, and Hiragana Katakana.

The largest game-making and playing country in the world. 

History of Coffeee

Coffee dates back to centuries of an old tradition in Africa. Coffee plants grew in Ethiopia and were widely used by nomadic tribes for thousands of years. Sufi Islam monasteries in Yemen employed coffee as an aid for concentration during prayers.

The word coffee entered the English language in 1582 through the Dutch word koffie, from the Ottoman Turkish kahve.

The first mention of the coffee tree in history was around the 15th century, Sufi Imam Muhammad Ibn Said Al Dhabhani often imported coffee from Ethiopia to Yemen.

Coffee is tasty.

Jamaica

 Jamaica is the 4th largest island in the Caribbean. 

The capital is Kingston.

The names of places are very weird compared to other places, some of the names are Broke neck gully, Betty's hope, Rattrap, rest and be thankful, see me no more, time and patience. And the best one: me no sen you no come. (yeah that is real the name of some places).

There are villages here called Maroon villages which are villagers made by the descendants of escaped slaves and have created villages in the mountains.

There is a place called Winsor's fire Springs, where you can literally light water on fire.

Cannabis (or marijuana) is known as part of Jamaican culture, growing marijuana was illegal but you could find plants in the forests, now they are legal and you are allowed to have a maximum of 5 plants but if you have a cultivator's license it is more. 

The population of 3 million people.

The Jamaican dollar is their currency.

History of the Trash compator

M.S. Wells patented the first trash compactor in 1941 for crushing oil cans. By the 1970s, John A. Boyd filed a patent for compacting household trash using hydraulic pressure from a water connection. This allowed the garbage to be compressed and made it easier for disposal. 

Nowadays trash compactors can control odors and handle wet and dry items.

From the price (about $1,000 when you factor in installation as well), the trash compactor failed in the market for various reasons. Users felt it took up too much space. It also left with compacted rectangular-shaped packages that didn’t fit into round garbage bins. And while the compactor decreased volume (storage space), it increased the density of the compacted items, making for a full compactor bag weighing more than 30 pounds (about the same weight as 20 dozen eggs) this as well as its cost made it difficult to sell.

And now trash compactors are in a decline in popularity. They are dangerous too if you are fixing a large one and it starts to compress, you are good as dead (meaning squashed to death).

So they are dangerous as well as expensive to install and purchase, and that is a reason for less usage of the Trash compactor.

Youth Talk Class: 7

Languages are extremely important, as languages are used in combination to communicate with other people.

About 350 million people speak Arabic as their first language and 25 countries has Arabic as their official language. Of about 7.8 billion people, 1.35 billion speak English as their mother tounges, and 360 million speak it as their first language. About 1 billion as their second language. 

Côte D'ivoire

Côte D'Ivoire, or the Ivory coast.

Strangely there are two capitals Abidjan the economic capital, and Yamoussoukro the political capital.

The Ivory coast came from the trade of Ivory before it became Illegal, but they make lots of chocolate, as they are the world's number ONE producer of Cocoa. Some Cocoa farmers don't even get to try chocolate but know that it is a high-demand item.

The population of 25 million people.

West African CFA franc.

Batz

 Bats are cool, we use their poop as fertilizer.

Their immune systems are very good and we can use them to help with combatting diseases.

Durian, mangos, bananas, WOW ALL OF THEM ARE POLIINATED BY BATS. 

Bats can eat 500 mosques per hour.

Yes bats are cooool.

the History of Spears

 The spear is a pole-type weapon using a rod usually wood, the word "spear" comes from the old English word "spere" meaning "spear pole".

It is a close-range weapon and ranged weapon (commonly referred to as a Javelin), using either bone, flint, obsidian, iron, steel, or bronze as its sharp tip it was used in many wars from the Greeks to Medievals it is a vital part of histories weapons.

Along with the axe knife and club, it was one of the most significant tools invented by earlier humans, used as a tool for hunting and fishing, and used up to now as it is part of bayonets. 

From boats to throwing, a weapon so deadly and powerful has had a significant impact on history.

Italy

  Capital Rome.

Italy has more Unesco heritage sites in the world about 50+.

Industry and production are large here as Fiar Lamborghini Ferrari Ducati, and other cars and made here.

The population of 59.07 million.

Euro as their currency.

Science of Rubber

Rubber comes from the latex of the rubber tree, natural rubber is used in many applications and products, either alone or in combination with other materials.  industrial demand for rubber-like materials began to outrun natural rubber supplies by the end of the 19th century, leading to the making of synthetic rubber in 1909 by chemicals.

rubber was first used for making balls for the Mesoamerican ballgame, rubber was later used by the Maya and Aztecs.

Half of the world's rubber is used in car tires.

Tapping a rubber tree is using a tap and hammering it into the tree and being able take the sap used in rubber.

History of Wein

The wine is nice and tasty wine (time to get drunk).

The wine was made with fermented grapes and yeast, and it was made for thousands of years, the earliest proof was in the Caucasus region of modern-day Georgia around 6000 BCE.

Wine is very prominent in religion, in ancient Egypt Red wine meant blood, and was used in the Greek cult of Dionysus. 

One of the reasons why people drink wine is for its intoxication effects, the steady spread of wine culture westwards was most probably due to the Phoenicians who spread outward from a base of city-states along the Mediterranean coast centered around modern-day Lebanon.

WEIN.

The History of Cellophane tape

 Cellophane tape is used as a binding substance to stick objects together.

in 1925 Richard Drew invented the first Pressure adhesive tape, it was designed to help with two-tone auto paint jobs because it was difficult to have a border between the two colors. In response, after two years of work in 3M's labs, Drew invented the first masking tape, a two-inch-wide paper strip with a light, pressure-sensitive adhesive.

The adhesive was only on the sides of the strip and in its first-ever test run to try to do a two-tone paint job the tape fell off the sides, and the person adding the tape to do the paint job said to add more adhesive.

In 1930 it was titled the Scotch Cellophane tape.

Sailing stones

 These are the rocks in death valley's arid lake beds called The Racetrack, they are stones or rocks that seem to move by themselves, weighing about 320 kilograms.

Yeah moving by themselves, rocks, moving yeah. Some just stay in the same spot for decades, but when they do move they leave a long linear line behind them. Some of these rocks have traveled more than 450 meters.

To figure out why they move scientists put GPS trackers on them and titled the article "The most boring study ever". Two years into the project a couple of scientists went to the racetrack and found that the lake had a thin layer of water, and then one of the rocks moved.

They published the paper saying that there were circumstances that had to be fulfilled for the stones to sail. One: was that it had to have water deep enough for floating sheets of ice to form but shallow enough not to cover the stones. Two: at night the water has to freeze and the ice breaks off to form floating sheets of ice. Three: the wind has to be strong enough to push the ice which in turn pushes the stones allowing them to sail.

Sailing stones, Weeeeeee.

In the Shade of the Qur'an by Dr Abd Aziz pt: 6

 Allah does not like when people slandered Moses.

 

History of GUNS

Guns are classified as fire arm, usually firing solid projectiles, but they can also discharge pressurized water in the form of water guns, spray guns, and gas and throwers.

Usually using pressured air to fire the projectile at substantial speeds.

The first designs of the gun were made by the Chinese around 1000 AD, by the end of the 13th century, using gunpowder instead of pressurized air (since this is the 13th century).

The arquebus (an earlier form of the musket) was brought to the Ottomans and Europe around the 15th century, then the Musket came out which was a heavier version of the arquebus.

Around the 1840s the modern-day gun was designed, then in 1861 the Gatling gun.

WW2 is when the germans brought in the first rifle, the StG44. it was the first firearm to be a combination of long-range rifles, machine guns, and close-range submachine guns.

PEWE PEW

Israel

Yeah, Palestine and Israel.

Isreal's Tel Aviv is the second most Technolgy advanced city other than silicon valley.

The population of 9 million.

Israel is one of the most educated counties in the world.

 

Youth Talk Class: 6

Aqeeah is the Islamic creed as a way to tie Islam.

Allah is the sustainer of everything and he brought the systematic universe into existence.

It is not good to use plastic surgery to beautify yourself, you can use it if it is after a car accident for example.

 

Fire

Using the chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various side products.

The flame is the "fire" seen by people, consisting mainly of carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen, and nitrogen. If hot enough, the gases from the flame may become ionized to produce plasma.

Known to cause physical burning damage to the skin, one of the main "Classical elements" from Greek mythology, along with air, water, and earth.

Utilized in human rituals, cooking, light, and heat for warmth, signaling, propulsion  purposes, smelting, forging, incineration (burning) of waste, cremation, and as a weapon or method of destruction.

Ceramic tiles

Ceramic tiles use various combinations of clay, rocks, sand, and other materials.

The creation period of tiles started from about 4,700 B.C. Until the end of the Roman Empire around A.D 500.

This is considered an early predecessor to the modern tile. These old materials have survived thousands of years.

The word “tile” originates from the Latin word “tegula,” meaning “to cover,” and the word  “ceramic” comes from the Ancient Greek word “kéramos,” meaning “potter’s earth.”

In ancient Mesopotamia (around 3000 B.C.) they made durable tile bricks by firing the clay at extreme temperatures. These bricks covered building exteriors to protect the buildings from the elements. 

Tiles can be used as a way to decorate walls, used from Iran to Europe to the far east.

Toilets, walls, roofs, and floors. All can be covered in tiles.

Ireland

 Yeah, the British took a lot of lands here.

Capital Dublin.

Known for the famous Cliffs of Mohre, which are 120 meters above the ocean.

4.8 million people.

Euro is the currency.

Purple flagggs

 No country's flags have purple in them, thought history there was no purple in flags.

For one reason only, it was expensive, up to the 1800s purple had a weight in gold.

It is used by Royalty, and it meant Royal wealth, Queen Elizabeth the first prohibited anyone other than the British royal family from wearing purple, the status of the color came from its rarity.

The purple came from a place called near the Meditteranean sea Tyre, now modern-day Lebanon, traders found the dye from sea snails around Tyre named Tyree purple. The amount of effort was staggering, as it needed 10,000 purple sea snails just to get one gram of the dye.

As it was expensive and was only used and bought by royalty, it came synonymous with Rome, Egypt, and Persia.

The emperor Aurelion did not allow his wife to buy a head scarf made of purple Tyree, one pound of it cost around three pounds of gold or 51,000 USD in today's money.

A century later, in 1856, an 18-year-old scientist named Henry Perkin, accidentally made a synthetic purple while trying to make an anti-malaria medicine, so he patent the dye and became rich.

After it became affordable to the public, the status of the elite from the color purple, and some newer country flags use purple in their flags.

Purple the color that is now everywhere.

Wrinkles

Why do our wrinkles look like raisins?

Well, scientists thought that it was some kind of osmosis, but it did not happen if the patient had nerve damage.

One patent was a boy with nerve damage in three of his fingers, and he could not feel anything from those and felt numb, and when they put his hand in the water, it was only the fingers that he could feel from got wrinkles. The numb ones did not have wrinkles, but the normal ones did.

It is actually the nervous system's response to extended contact with moisture, the nervous system actually constricts the blood vessels and that constriction is the reason why your fingers have risen.

Biologists think that it may be because of evolution. One theory says "maybe because of better grip underwater". How they tested this is scientists took two groups of wrinkly and non-wrinkly fingers,  and they were requested to both groups to pick up a smooth object, wet marbles and dry marbles, and they found out that the group that had wrinkly fingers picked up their wet marbles 12% faster, but the dry marbles around the same time.

Go swimming and have wrinkly fingers. 

Iraq

Most people think that Iraq is war, war, and oh wait, oh yeah, more war. You can still fly into Iraq and visit, it is recommended to stay in the largest cities because they are the safest.

In the history of Iraq, they were rich and were the center of science and mathematics for a time, but then the 20th century.

The Shamal nor the northwest wind, it sweeps through Iraq and it makes the worst dust and sandstorms in the Mediterranean.

Almost 100% of exports were oil (being the 3rd largest oil reserve on earth), it did make them rich (for a time).

The population of 41 million people.

And the Iraqi Dinar as their currency.

 The is Capital Bagdad, the second largest city after Cairo in Egypt.

Plaster / Bandaid

You know it you love it (or hate it) bandaids.

It is useful when you hit the ground or pavement and have a wound that needs covering, band-aids are useful.

The band-aid was made in 1920 by a Johnson and Johnson employee Earle Dickson, regularly his wife Josephine, burned and cut herself while cooking.

Using adhesives he was able to make a prototype. The prototype that Dickson made was used by his wife to put on the burns and cuts. 

Dickson gave the idea to his employer before he retired.

By 1924 Johnson and Johnson made Machine made band-aids, and sterilized band-aids by 1939, only in 1951 they added designs of popular brands, like Micky mouse, Marvel, and DC.

In WW2 millions of band-aids were requested and used, Johnson and Johnson said that they have oversold 100 million band-aids worldwide, (yeah they helped in WW2).

So when you have a wound or a cut or burn, it has been a vital piece of everyday use.

Minhaj al Muslim By Sh Tariq Appleby pt: 5

 Killing people is bad (that's a general consensus) and would definitely count as a sin but in self-defense or someone breaking into your house and you defend yourself and the result that is that the aggressor killed then it is not a sin.

It is a big sin to kill another believer.

Blood Money is what is money given by the family of the murderer as compensation for the murder to the victim's family (it is not the person back from the dead but it is compensation nonetheless).

Intentional Murder

Murder with the intention of killing, meaning you are killing that person with items such as weapons or with poisons, etc. It is all bad.

You cannot kill a pregnant mother you have to wait for the baby to be born and then when the baby is born, and then the mother will be killed.

If you want to kill someone or execute someone, you should not cause excessive pain to the victim of the execution, it should be quick and as painless as possible, as decapitation is the main form of killing as it is instantaneous.

We want to hurt that person but no intention is not murder

you are not sinful but it is recommended to give blood money.

Murder by Mistake

If you kill someone in a car accident, or you drop something on someone's head and kill them it is not your fault, or a knife gets loose and it hits a person and they die you are also not at fault as it was a mistake, or if you are hunting with guns and a person walks in front of a shotgun slug then it is not your fault either. (It is recommended to pay blood money though).

Retaliation

Retaliation is when you, yourself retaliate against the murderer.
First, you need to know that the murderer is of sound mind (meaning being sane), a child before puberty, and a sleeping person. Those are the types of people you cannot retaliate to. You also cannot kill your children.

If you want blood money, you cannot retaliate. You cannot kill anyone else in retaliation other than the murderer. 

Retribution

If you chop off someone's finger, then when you are caught your finger would be chopped off. if that was used, it would be very bad, even Saudi Arabia doesn't follow this specific law because it is too cruel. f you chop off someone's finger, then when you are caught your finger would be chopped off. if that was used, it would be very bad, even Saudi Arabia doesn't follow this specific law because it is too cruel. 

If the person who chopped off the finger then you must chop yours off, but if it difficult to replicate the problem says a concussion it is hard to replicate so you don't have to do that.         

Youth Talk Class: 5

 So the FIFA world cup is held in Qatar, and Muslims are using this as a way to convert people coming to see the world cup and Muslims are convincing them to convert to Islam.   

The History of Doors

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Door Source

You know what this is, how to use it, everybody knows it. Doors.

Doors such as house doors and gates (which are a type of door), use locks, as a way to deter people from entering or accessing the areas blocked by a said door. Pivoting off a metal hinge, the door in question could rotate up (such as the Tesla Cars from Tesla) or to the side. 

As doors were a major part of history, it was a greatly used piece of literature as it meant Methopraical meaning for change. And doors have a variety of aesthetic, symbolic, and ritualistic meanings. 

Now the history

The earliest telling of doors is that it was mentioned in Egyptian tombs, generally shown as double or singular doors.

As most of the ancient doors were made from timber wood. The Romans and the Greeks used different kinds of doors, singular doors, double doors, or even triple doors.

As we are coming to the modern era, we still have the "doors of old" meaning doors from centuries ago, and they are still used today and used in places of worship in Religious buildings and old structures built long ago.

As we are coming to the modern era, we now use automatic doors often.

If you walk through one, maybe as an entry to a long hall, but as a gateway to a multitude of possibilities, but hey, we all gotta walk through one eventually.