Habits of Successful Muslims pt: 5

We Muslims have the full certainty that Allah can take anything from us instantly.

For example, let's say you have a bountiful harvest of crops, but Allah takes it away by causing drought, that's a calamity caused by Allah, to test you.

Physics pt. 4: Gravity

Gravity is pretty cool, as it helps pull objects together, it attracts things to the floor, so if there's a ball flying through the air, the gravitational force is pulling it down so it doesn't go into space.

It is an attractive force, as it exists for everything that has mass, first of all, what is mass, well mass is how much stuff an object is made of.'

Gravity will be different for things that are made of different mass, and distance, as the heavier or more mass something is the faster it falls, or the stronger the gravitational force.

The Earth itself is nearly six septillion kilograms, that's a six with 24 zeros after or (6,000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0000,0), for scale a cat usually weighs about 4 kilograms.

That is just one reason that affects the gravitational force, the other is the distance, the closer an object is to the gravitational force, the weaker it is, so us being on the ground you barely feel the forces pulling you down, the only way to not feel the gravitational force of the Earth is to go REALLY far away, or Outer Space.
Take a look at the moon, it is nearly 400,000 kilometres away from Earth, and it is still affected by Earth's gravity, but since the moon is really far away, and it is also big, you can also feel the gravitational pull it, and that's why ocean Tides exists as the moon is pulling the water which causes high and low tides.

But how can we walk around and not feel any sort of strain and not face planted dragging ourselves around, well it's because we only notice the strength of it when it is a really big planet or star, and the gravitational pull on you dragging you down is much weaker compared to the forces you use every day, let's say you pick up a ball or a glass of water, since the gravitational force pulling the water down, if you pick up the glass of water you are overpowering the gravitational pull of the Earth to pickup that water and move it to your mouth.

Malay: pt 8 How to tell others that your sick

 If you're sick, it is better to tell others that you are unwell, so here's how:

Saya rasa tak berberapa sihat (pronounced: sa-ya, raa sa, ber ber apa, si haat) means "I don't feel well".
Strangely berberapa means several not many.

Awak demam ke? (pronounced: aa wak, deh mam, ke) which translates to "You have fever?" when you use ke in a sentence you are making it a question.

Also if you are unsure that you are sick you could say: Saya Tak pasti (pronounced: Sa ya tak pas-tea) or you could also say Saya tak tau (pronounced: Sa ya tak ta-u) meaning  "I don't know".

If you want to say certain systems you could say: Saya perut sakit dan saya kepala pening dari pagi  (pronounced as Sa ya, pe rut, sa kit, daan, sa-ya, ke-pa-lah, pe ning, da ri, pa gi), which translates to
"my stomach hurts and my head has been dizzy since morning".

Dah jumpa doktor (pronounced: dah jump-pa dok tor) meaning "Have you seen the doctor", to respond to say "yes" you would say: Sudah (pronounced: su dah) or dah (pronounced: da-ah) and to say "no" you would say belum (pronounced "beh-lum).

Then your friend might say pergi lah (pronounced:  per gee, la ah) which means "go lah".

Lah is a standard Malay term and usually is in a sentence to make it sound less formal, instead of sounding overbearing, it is meant to lighten the tone of speaking,
instead of saying "Go do the dishes". "Go do the dishes lah" can make it sound less threatening.

So after your friend keeps bugging you to go to the doctor you can respond with saya pergi sekarang (pronounced sa ya, per gee, see kaa raa ng, lah)
which translates to: "I go now lah" sekarang means "now", and the lah at the end is for the lightening of tone.

So if you have something to do first, you can say saya pergi lepas ni, tapi saya nak makan sekarang (pronouced: sa ya,  per gee, nan tee ne, ta pee, sa ya, nak maa kan, se ka raa ng) which means "I will go, but I want to eat first", nanti meaning "later".

So once you reach the hospital reception desk, the receptionist might say boleh saya bantu (pronounced: sa ya, bo leh, baan two), which translates to "may I assist you".

To respond to that question you would say: Boleh jumpa doktor tak, saya rasa tak sihat (pronouced: bo-leh, jum pah, dok-tor, taak, sa ya, raa se, taak, see-haat), which translates to "can I see a doctor, I am not feeling well. boleh means "can", jumpa means "see", doktok is doctor, sihat is "well".

So the receptionist might say: sila duduk dulu, nanti saya panggil nama (pronounced: 
si-la, du duk, du-lu, naan tee, sa ya, paang gil, na-ma) which translates to "Go sit first I will call your name later"

So when you see the doctor, he might say: sakit apa (pronounced sa-kit, ah pa), meaning "what happened", or "what pain".
Some symptoms are:
pening kepala (pronounced: pe ning, ke-pa-la) "headache".
sakit purut (pronounced: sa-kit, pu ruut) "stomach ache
muntah-muntah (pronouced: mun-tah,mun-tah) "vomiting"
mual (pronounced: mu-aal) "nauseous".

The doctor might also ask: Sejak bila rasa macam ni (pronounced: se jak, bee le, raa sa, ma cham, nee) which translates to "How long have you been experiencing this."

For saying when symptoms themselves, you could say: Sejak malam tadi, malam, semalan lagi (pronounced: see-jak, ma lam, ta dee, ma lam, se-ma-lan, laa-gi), which translates to: "since last night"

So if he is giving medicine the doctor would say: saya akan bagi ubat (pronounced: sa ya, a kaan, ba gee, u bhat) which means "I will give medicine".

If you want that medicine you could say: saya nak or nak (pronounced: sa ya, nak,) which translates to "yes", nak is "yes"
for saying "no" you would say tak nak, or tak perlu (pronounced: taak naak, or taak per lou). 

To say thank you a lot, you would say Terima kasih banyak-banyak (pronounced: Te-re-ma, kah-Seth, ban-yat ban yat, doctor).

Chemistry pt.1: Atoms

Everything is made out of Atoms, such as Protons, Neurons, and Electrons, they make up everything, the water we drink, the air we breathe, and the things we use every day is made out of atoms, even though they all look completely different, but they are all made out of Proton, Electrons, and Neutrons, so what are they:

At the centre of an Atom, we have a Nucleus comprised of Protons and Neutrons, outside the Nucleus we have the "Neutron cloud", which is where you will find Electrons. 

An Atom Neutron cloud can be 100,000 times larger than its Nucleus.

Protons have a positive charge of +1, while Electrons have a negative charge of -1, these charges cancel out as they are +1 and -1 charges, while the Neutron itself is neutral in charge.

We use the "Unified Atomic Mass Unit" as a way of saying the mass, the name of this form of measurement is usually shorted to the letter "U" so Protons and Neutrons have the mass of 1u, while Electrons have the mass of 0.0005u which makes them roughly 2000 times smaller than the Proton and Neutron, meaning all the mass from the Atom resides in the Nucleus.

Everything is an atom, but they are not the same, there are many different types of atoms, named Elements, each with their own special physical and chemical properties, many are commonly used, such as Oxygen, Carbon, Gold, and Silver.
Some might not be so familiar like Bismuth, Osmium and Xenon, a particular element is identified by the amount of Protons in its atom, known for its Atomic number or "Z", for example, Helium is atomic number 2, meaning every helium atom has two protons, and another is Iron its atomic number is 26 so they have 26 Proton, also the amount of Protons can also tell us how much

Timestamp 1.05

Malay: pt 7 How to Address Strangers

Addressing people is very important in language so here's how you address people in Malay:

Uncle would be: Pak Chik (pronounced: Pa aak, chi ek)
so in a sentence, it would be: "pak chik mana saya Kuching".
if you were to translate it it would be: "Uncle, where is my cat" (Kuching means cat, pronounced: ku ching), fun fact there is a place in Malaysia called Kuching and it is in Sarawak.

Auntie would be: Mak Chik (pronounced: Ma aak chi ek)
if used in a sentence would be: "Mak Chik boleh saya tolong"

The elder brother would be: Abang (pronounced: Aa baa ng, also baa ng)
So if you wanted to order food at a restaurant you could say "Bang boleh order?" meaning older brother can I order?).

The elder sister would be: Kakak (pronounced: Kaa kak, or kak)
 "Kak boleh order?" meaning older sister can I order), even though 

For the younger siblings both boy and girl, you would say: Adik (pronounced: Aa dik)

Grandfather would be: Datuk (pronounced: Daa tuk)

Grandmother would be: Nenek (pronounced: Nee nek)

Mister would be: Enckik (pronounced: Een cik)

Missus would be: Puan (pronounced: Puu an)

Miss/mis it would be Cik (pronounced: Cik)

The safest option when talking with older people (adults) is to call them Enchik and Cik as it is the safest and the most polite. But if you are a kid you don't really need to say Enchik and Cik as it is mainly reserved for older people, so using hai and oi is easy and effective, sure it is cruder and definitely ruder, but it does work. 

Pak Chik and Mak Chik are mainly used for someone above 30, but some might be offended if they are unmarried so bang or kak works too.

Datuk and Nekek if strictly for grandparents and generally senior folk, but don't call them that if they don't like it because some people don't want to be that old.

Datuk and Dato are titles given by heads of state to Malaysians for serving the country, the female version is Datin (pronounced: Daa tin).

Excuse me in Malay would be "Excuse me", yes you can just say Excuse me and and most Malays will understand, but tumpang tanya (pronounced: tum paang taan ya) is usually used to ask a question.
You don't have to say tumpang tanya, when you bump into someone or when you sneeze a little too loud because it sounds strange, just say excuse me, it is meant as a way of asking permission or to ask a question for example: "tumpang tanya boleh makan"  translated to would be: "ask if you can eat food".

Montenegro

Montenegro is located in the Balkans along the Adriatic Sea.

The country is split into 23 municipalities, with the two urban centres, the former capital Cetinje and the current capital Podgorica.

There are two airports, the busiest is in the capital Podgorica, and the other is a smaller one in Tivat.

But if you come to this country via the sea, you can stop at the ma any marinas and sea ports, the busiest being the "port of bar", along the coast, there are small islands and islets, the biggest of which is Mamula island which has a small fortress on it, stadioti island which has a resort, and saint Nikola island off the coast of Budva. And the strange triangle-shaped Bojana island along the border with Albania. 

Interesting places to visit are the Mausoleum of njegoš, the Durđevića Tara Bridge (which is over the deepest canyon in Europe), The ruins of Doclea, the Sahat Kula Clock Tower, and the Millennium Bridge, St Stefan island (which is a famous island), the sipcanik wine cellar (which used to be a military base), the Kotor fortifications, the war memorial in Ulcinji, lots of monasteries like the Ostrog monetary (which is carved into a cliff).

The name Montenegro comes from the word in Venetian Italian called: "Black mountain", keep in mind they are a Slavic nation, not a Latin nation, they often call themselves: "Crna Gora" which translates to black forest.

The country is 80% mountains and hilly, and the Durmitor and the Bjelasica mountains are the main mountain ranges in Montenegro, between both mountains is the longest river the Tara River, the largest lake: "The Skadar Lake", shared with Albania, on the edge of the Zeta plane which is the flattest part of Montenegro, which the capital Podgorica is located.

There are many beaches along the south at Doni Stoj, which funnily enough stole names from other countries to boost tourism, like "Miami Beach, and Copacabana", the bay of Kotor which is comprised of three triangle-shaped marinas which played a huge role in the kingdom era of Montenegro. 

They have the largest species per area unit index at 0.8, which means it has the highest unit index in all of Europe, such species as fish, brown bears and amphibians.

Out of the 526 species of European birds, around 333 birds can be found in Montenegro alone. 

Most of their resources are actually imported from other countries, they don't really have agriculture, as they mainly rely on service, tourism and foreign investors as their form of revenue, they are ranked in the top ten as most foreign investors in Europe.

The food they enjoy: Kačamak, Raštan, Njeguški pršut and Rakijaw (alcohol).

They sleep a lot. They even have a "lazy" Olympics in Brezna.

The population is 630k people, and it is the least populated Balkan country, around 45% are Montenegrins, 29% are Serbian, 6% Bosnian, %5 Albanian, and 12% are other Europeans, Russians, and non-Europeans.

Even though they are not part of the EU they do use the Euro because it's easy to use, they use the C and F plug outlets and they drive on the right side of the road.

Also, Montenegro and Serbia are very close, and they might say that they are the other nationality during a conversation for some odd reason, and to be clear,  do not call a Montenegrin a Serbian or vice versa, unless told to.

They also have their own folklore and dances like The Eagle dance, during weddings they plant olive trees to signify unity.

Although their language can be written in either the Cyrillic alphabet or Latin (a b c d), they mainly use Latin as it is easier to read and write.

For their religious side of things, around 1/3 of the population is Eastern Orthodox. And Islam at 20%. 

They are also the second tallest people second to the Netherlands.

They were colonised by: The Illyrians, Greeks, maybe the Celts, and the Roman Empire as well, the Slavs came in around the 6th century,  and they were part of the kingdom of Dukila, they tried to attack Constantinople, and failed. 
They changed their name to Zeta, and Venetan came in and influenced for three centuries. Part of the Ottoman Empire, Russia helped them with the Ottomans, the treaty of Berlin, The Balkan wars, then WW1, then they joined the Kingdom of Serbs (the processor of Yugoslavia) and in WW2 they were part of the "socialist federal republic of Yugoslavia". 

Civil wars in the 90s, and they split off from Serbia.

Famous people from this country are 

To be continued: 9:58 timestamp

 

History pt 2: Humans

Ah, homo sapiens, the start of the human years, evolved from their early hominid predecessors between 200,000 and 300,000 years ago, they developed their ability to speak around 50,000 years ago.

The first humans started in Africa and started moving outside of Africa around 70,000 to 100,000 years ago.
Human beings are the only species that were to populate, adapted to and significantly altered the land around them, resulting in changes to both the ecological and historical sites they resided in. 

Homo sapiens come from the word hominids, which were the earliest humanlike creatures.
We believe that hominids split from the main branch of primates around 2.5 to 4 billion years ago. Although there is a large difference between the primates and hominids we all share one trait, being bipedal, or the ability to walk upright on two legs.  

For evolution scientists have many hypotheses about why Humans existed, one theory states that Humans were fit for the dry climates of Africa and evolved as Africa's dry and arid regions expanded, this theory also states that the reason why we walk upright instead of on our hands and feet is because of the African savannah being too dry to stay and climb up on trees to the point that we evolved to being able to walk on our hands and feet to search for food and shelter from the harsh sun.

Hominids continue to evolve and get more intelligent, as by 2.3 billion years ago we started using tools. 
3 million years ago, a hominid known as Homo habilis began to make and utilise simple tools. Then around a million years ago, some hominid species, notably Homo erectus, began to migrate out of Africa and into Eurasia,  and their brain capacity was increasing as they were harnessing fire.

Although we had not figured out why homo sapiens are the only humans that survived to this day (you and me being them) and the others did not, some say it is because of lack of food, changes in climate and natural disasters.

Between 70,000 to 100,000 years ago, we started going to what is now Asia, and we started travelling and populating parts of what is now Europe, and traveling to Australia round 35,000 to 65,000 years ago.

 

Grammar ep: 25 Under Over statement

Under and overstating something can vastly affect how the sentence is read, for example:
"You stole my toy, made a mess in my room, broke my favourite chair and didn't clean up anything, I am slightly annoyed".

Now for an overstatement: "I got a B in maths, my life is over, my career is gone". That's an overstatement, also known as hyperbole (pronounced: hyper boo-lee) which is a very exaggerated sentence.

Exxageratting sentences can make your sentences more dramatic and emotional.

History pt 1: History and Prehistory

 Human beings have been on Earth for roughly 200,000 years, the earth itself was around four billion years ago.

That's a long time ago, the hardships, the experiences, the founding of villages, the stories from all those years ago, the wars, the draughts.

Something about history is that it may not be 100% accurate, as it can be "edited", by people who were living at that time, some might embellish and flourish the stories to make them sound more exciting or different, and even writing can also be tampered with, and even messages that are verbally said could change from time to time. 

The study of past and present humans is called anthropology, the study of humans would be archaeology, while the study of bones or dinosaur bones would be palaeontology.

Using Radiocarbon dating, you can check what time a human skull was set into the earth for an accuracy of about a decade, which is pretty accurate for a skull that was set into the earth 10,000 years ago.

History refers to history that was during the written age of humans, while prehistory refers to the history before writing was invented, archeologists have found written text from Egypt as old as 3200 BCE, which is what is the agreed upon time that "history" starts.

Phases in meiosis I

Meiosis is a process where germ cells divide to produce gametes, such as sperm and egg cells.

For example let's take a germ cell, and let's give it two chromosomes from the father, and two chromosomes from the mother, this is considered a diploid since there are four chromosomes.

Interphase

This germ cell will go through interphase, and now the chromosomes from the father will have connected together via a centromere, but it is still one chromosome, but it just has double the genetic material, this is now made of two sister chromatids but since there are two chromosomes and they both went through interphase we have double, two sister chromatids, they have double the DNA but they have the same genetic information. The same thing happens to the mother's chromosome too.

Prophase

The beginning of miosis I is prophase I, each of the chromosomes in the Holomogous pair, has two sister chromatids so you have four chromatids, this is sometimes called a Tetrat, in this tetrat, the DNA in it could be code for eye colour, skin colour, or height genes.
These sister chromatids can overlap and cause the father chromosome to recombine with the mother chromosome, it might have been coded for similar genes, but now it has the mother's DNA, and now the father chromosome has the mother's genes.

Metaphase

In Metaphase I: The microtubules are now forming to bring everything closer together, in the cellular membrane the Centrosomes are on the left and right side of the membrane, and there are two chromosomes, aka two sister chromatids and they have some chromosomal cross-overs, the father chromosome has some genes from the mother chromosome. The mother chromosome has some chromosomal cross-over from the father. And some normal father and mother chromosomes without chromosomal cross-over.

Then the Microtubules  push the Centromeres (connected to the Chromasomes) and Centrosomes away from each other

Anaphase 

In Mitosis the Sister Chromatids get pulled apart to become two daughter Chromosomes, in Anaphase the Chromatids stay together, instead the Homologous pairs get pulled apart, the Centrosomes pull the Chromatids apart and to each end of the cell, and the way they pull the Chromatids is random.

Telophase

The Homologous pairs start unravelling into their Chromatin state, and then the Nuclear membrane forms around the two unravelled Chromatins, and the microtubules dissolve and turn into Haploid cells, which have a "Haploid number" of two Chromasones each Chromasones have two sister Chromatids, then the sister Chromatids from each of the Chromasones and turns them into to daughter Chromasones.

Physics pt.3 Action and reaction forces

 For every force, there is an equal or opposite reaction force - Newton's 3rd law:

Let's take an aeroplane as an example, the jets from the aeroplane are pushing the air molecules away but in turn, causing the reaction force of the air molecules going away to push the jet forward, the equal force is the air molecules being pushed back, while the opposite force is the plane is being forced forward.  

How about rockets and rocket fuel, rockets will ignite the rocket fuel and the force will push the air molecules downward, but then the rocket will go up because of the opposite force pushing it upwards,
note that the reaction force is not on the same object, it is on a different object.

Physics pt.2: Force, mass and eccelaration

 Applying a force to an object when pushing or pulling can change its acceleration, and the mass of said object can affect how much acceleration that object can take.

For example, if you push 20km into a huge rock, that rock is accelerating at 20km, but due to the mass of said object let's say 35kg, it could accelerate at 10km.

Now let's take into space and say there are two rockets both pushing an asteroid (100kg) with a combined speed of 200km (low number but bear with me) the asteroid would move with ease, but remove that one rocket and it becomes a much slower process since there's not much accelerating happening due to the single rocket pushing the asteroid at 100km, and if you increase the mass from 100kg to 200kg, it becomes an even slower process.
And if you have two rockets both going at 100km, pushing the same asteroid but going in opposite directions, the net force of the asteroid would be zero since they are applying the same force from both sides.

Grammer ep: 24 formality

 Formality is a spectrum of words that can be formal (extravagant) or informal (lots) so there are many ways to use said words in sentences to craft a more exceedingly well-written sentence.

So these are examples (All the Italicied words will be more formal words, and those words in brackets are words that also fit in the sentence):

this is an informal sentence: "You are invited to Jimmy's birthday party full of cakes, treats, and games".

For a more complex and formal sentence: "Please attend (joining) the skydiving expedition celebration, meant for those who strive (want) for a high adrenaline (fun) experience, while plummeting (falling), jumping off an aeroplane soaring (flying) at 10,000 feet in the sky".

Notice the difference in tone, words and emphasis. When figuring out the formality of your vocabulary you must use in a sentence, you must first figure out what situation you are in, for a more informal way of writing you would say more: slang words, profanity, and in general silly words, for example: "Hey buddy hows life"
but a more formal way would be: "How has your day been sir".

While in a more formal setting (emails, business stuff), you would add more words that are more complex or more respectful, like for an unformal message to a friend you could say: "I can't go to the park today",
but a more formal email and/or message to a boss or coworker would be: "I can not attend this week's meeting, due to my busy schedule".

Grammer ep: 23 alliteration, assonance, and onomatopoeia

 These are all words that relate to how language sounds:

Alliteration is when words have the same starting consonant, for example: "Sam was Suzie's Sister, for example, all these words start with the letter "S".

Assonance is for words with vowels (A, E, I, O, U): "An Antelope Ate An Apple", notice how they are all using words with vowels.

onomatopoeia are words that sound like a sound affect, for example: "The bees buzzed", "zzzz", the onomatopoeia is the buzzing sounds, like "Bang" for explosions, "Clang" for pots, and mainly all the sounds that are not words, are turned into onomatopoeia's.

Mongolia

 Mongolia is a landlocked country located the 18th largest in the world located in central Asia.

The country is split into 21 provinces or Aimags, and the capital is Ulaanbaatar or "Red Hero" located in the northeast.
The city is the coldest and was a nomadic city that moved 28 times before finally selecting the location of the city.
And holds around 45% of the country's population (as of 2021 the population is 3.348 million), and the only airport is "Chenggis Khaan International".

The main railway goes through Russia and China and also is connected to the trans-siberian railway in Russia.

They have museums, military, history, national, fine arts, natural history, and even dinosaurs. 

Many monasteries and the oldest one Erdene Zuu.

They have three small mountain chains: The Altai being the biggest, the Khangal mountains, and the Khentii mountains.

Coming to Mongolia you will see lots of Genghis Khan, money, carvings, hilsides, statues.

Interesting places like: The Bogh palace, Ikh Berkhant complex, The Taikhar stone, the Shambala Stupa statue (the locals call this the center of the universe) 

The northern landscape is more greener and hillier , as their south is part of the gobi desert, as it is big and green, and lots of grass, there are lots of horses, and also they are very important, as they were used alot in history, as food carriers (and food), transportation, milk, and sport.
There are estimates that there are 13x more horses and 30x more sheep live in Mongolia compared to people, also they have the two humped camels the Bactrian Camels, which are national treasures they also have a festival treasures, the saiga antelope, and 1/3 of the worlds snow leporid population lives in Mongolia.

Mongolia focusses on two industries, mining, and livestock, minerals make up about 80% of their exports mainly from gold and copper, they are also the the second highest producer of cashmere goat wool after china.
Second largest population of Yaks again after china which they use for milk and dairy.

Their foods are as follows: Aarul a dehydrated fermented milk cheese, their national drink Airag, which is usually from horse milk, and buuz dumpings.

A Population of 3.1million people (THATS A LOT OF SHEEP), and it is most sparsely sovern state in population, in about two people per square kilometer.
95% are ethnically Mongolian, the rest are Russians and Kazakhs.

The currency is the Mongolian Mongolian Tugrikv, type c and e plug outlets and drive on the right side of the road. 

Half the population is Buddhist, some are Shamen non-religious, and the others are Christian or Muslim.

They use the Cyrillic alphabet they adopted it during sovet times. Aldough they do have their own writing system the "Hudum Mongol Bichig" read left to right and it is written vertically. 

1/3 of the population is nomadic living in yurt communities. 

They are big on wrestling or Bokh.

They also have troat singing which is singing with two voices, named overtone singing, one with a normal voice and another voice with a whipser.

They have lots of festivals: Golden eagle festival, Ice festival, their new years which they serve lots of fatty meat.

Germany and the USA have very high Mongol populations abroad, And good friends with Russia.

Cancer

 Once cells feel too cramped they will have "contact inhibition", when they feel they feel something wrong about themselves, they kill themselves.

There are actually around 37.2 trillion cells in the human body.

Let's say there's a cell with a couple of mutations (there's a small chance every cell in the S phase can mutate, most of the time it's harmless, and sometimes it's very harmful).
Let's say there's a cell that has a mutation that stops it from experiencing Apoptosis which is what kills the cell, and a mutation that causes it to replicate faster, and this cell quickly makes lots of copies of itself during mitosis, and the large amounts of copies have defects, as they can't kill themselves if they feel something is wrong. This is called a neoplasm.

Most of the time they combine together and form a lump and then if it gets large enough it becomes a tumour. If it becomes a certain size it becomes a Benign tumor which is harmless. But let's say the Benign tumour has a mutation that causes it to grow fast and it might become invasive, where it wants to infiltrate everything and invade other tissues, but not yet, he's still a cell, and what do cells do?.
They Replicate, so there are lots of these cells running around trying to infiltrate everything around them causing chaos, maybe another mutation causes it to break off from the group and start attacking other parts of the body, organs, heart, and lungs.

Thus the cells have Metastasized, and they keep mutating, keep causing problems by taking other cells' jobs and hurting the body, they are called Cancer Cells.

Physics pt.1: Reperesenting Motion

Units 

Let's start with units, units are a type of measurement usually for position (meters), mass (Kilograms) and motion (Meters per second), let's say you have a cat that's 25 units tall, and a swimming pool that's 45 units wide. Well, that doesn't make sense, how can a cat be bigger than a pool, that's where units of measurement come into play, the main two systems the world uses are the metric and imperial systems, both very valid forms of measurement (although 95% of the world uses metric).

When comparing data (weight, height, length), try to stick to one system for measuring to make the comparisons easier to understand. 
For example, for the cat analogy, we can say the cat is 25 centimetres tall, as that is a unit of measurement we are familiar with, and for the pool, we can say that it is 45 meters long and we are easily able to understand what that means. 

Since there are two forms of measurement things can get confusing, there was once a rocket ship (the Mars Climate Orbiter around 125million USD) that due to a measuring mistake, exploded when landing on Mars.

Frames of reference:

These are so that people are on the same page when talking about subjects in physics, for example: Let's say a blue car is travelling right at 45 kilometres per hour, and you standing still on the ground, it will look like the car is whizzing by you at 45 km.
Now that that same scenario but instead of being on the ground stationary, I put you in a yellow van that's going 40km, it will feel like the blue car isn't going very fast, which makes sense as the person standing on the ground and the person in the Yellow van is watching from a different Frame of reference.
We would write this as "The blue car is going, to the view of the Yellow car at 5km"

Malay: pt 6 Name age and where your from

For saying "I am" you say Nama Saya (produced: na-me, sai-ye) so in a sentence you woul say: "nama saya ___" Then you fill in that blank with your name.

For introducing friends you can say: Nama kawan saya, Adam (pronounced: kaa waan), translated it would be: "My friend's name is, Adam".

For age, you say: Umur (pronounced: uu mur), so if used in a sentence it would be: saya umur tiga lima puluh tahun. (produced: ta huun), or translated to "I am 35 years old"

To say "from" you would say: Saya datang dari Kuala Lumpur (pronounced; Da ta-ang,
da-ri), and means "from", so in a sentence you would say: Saya orang itali tapi saya datang dari UK, this would translate to "I am from Italy but I come from the UK (tapi is pronounced: taa pee and means "but" and orang pronounced: oh-raang is "people").

Aku (pronounced: aa ku) is another way of saying saya but, it may come off as rude or impolite so I personally prefer saya. 

Mitosis

So in the cell we currently in Metaphase, we have two sister chromatids 

Now we are in mitosis so the nuclear membrane around the chromatids starts to go away and the centrosomes migrate to opposite sides of the cell.

 Inside the Centrosomes there are two Centrioles which are two cylinders. They are all connected via microtubules which are sort of strings connecting everything together, the spindle fibres (microtubules) bind to the kinetochores of chromosomes, NOT the centromeres.

The microtubules pull and push the sister Chromatids around the cell. And they will rip the Chromatids in half and pull each half to each side of the cell. After they are split in half they are called kinetochores and this phase is called Anaphase.

The last phase is called Telophase and then the one cell will split into two and the cycle repeats it self again.

Malay: pt 4 What, Why, Where, When, How and Who

 As you would know these are very important words in English, and also in Malay too, so here's how you pronounce them.

"Apa" (pronounced: Aa peh) meaning "what", would commonly used in a sentence like "apa ini" meaning "what this" (ini meaning "this).

"Mana" (pronounced: maa-na) is Where, if used in a sentence it would be "Mana Saya (pronounced: sci ah)  maa-ian" (maa-in nan meaning toy).

"Bila" (pronounced: bee la) meaning "when", if used in a sentence would be "bila perkahwinan) or "when is the wedding" (this was explained the the last blog post)

"Mengapa" (pronounced: men ga pa) means "why" so in a sentence it would be used as: "Mengapa maa-in" or "why play" (maa-in meaning play).

"Baigamana" (pronounced: ba guy maa an) means means "why", if used in a sentence you can say: "Baigamana makan sekarang"  (makan pronounced: maa kaan, and sekarang (pronounced: se-a ka raang meaning "now").

Also you can them in sentences for example: "Apa tu" apa tu meaning "whats that" (pronuced as: aa peh, to).

"Mana awak  pergi" meaning "where did you go (pronounced: Aa pah, ma-na, per gee).

"Pukul apa" means "what time" (pronounced: pu kool, aa peh).

Malay: pt 3 Weddings

 The term wedding ceremony in Malay is "majlis perkahwinan" (pronounced: "Maa jeh lis, per-kaa ah-wee-nan".

And it usually means Majlis (wedding) and Perkahwinan (ceremony).

For the word marry, you would say, "Orang Kahwin" (pronounced: oh-raang, keah Winn).

"Taniah" (pronouced: Taan nee-ah) would mean congratulations.

"Jumput makan" (pronouced: Jum put, maa kaan) would mean "come eat" jumput meaning invitation, and makan meaning eat.

Also in malaysia, we have this tradiction called "bunga telur" (pronouced: bung eah, tee lur), meaning flower egg, and yes its as strange as it sounds, it is an egg wraped in a sort of mesh bag and with fake flowers normally and given to the wedding goers.

Youth Talk Class: 19

Mr beast is a person spending 1.5 million USD per video, taking 5 months or longer to post a single video.

 

Malay: pt 2 A E I O U

 Vowels are very simple in Malay when pronounced:

The letter "A" would be pronounced like "Ayam" (meaning chicken), which would be pronounced as "Ai yam"

The Letter "E" in "emas"  would be pronounced as "eeh mas".

The letter "I" would be pronounced as "eee" for example the word: "Ikan" would be "eeekan".

The letters "O" and "U" are pronounced as "Oh" like Orang (pronounced "oh-raang") and "uuuh" (pronounced "uuh taang") 

Malay: pt 1 Good mornings

 Malay is a wonderful and easy-to-understand language, so ill be explaining the language and how to use the words in this series of blog posts.
(all the words that have aa ee oo, or double words, elongate those words)

Selamat  (pronounced "Sla ma -at") means "good", so "saya selamat" means "I am good", and "selamat pagi"  would be considered as "good morning" (pagi means morning).

"Selamat malam"  (pronounced "Sla ma -at, maa-lam") would be "good night", and it is usually used as a way of saying goodbye, as "goodnight" is commonly done when leaving a house that's hosting you as their guest,

"Selamat Tengah hari"  (Pronounced: "Slaa ma-at, Tee-nah gah haa ri") means "good afternoon" and it's used as a form of greeting when meeting people.
when pronouncing words with the letter "T" you don't have to put emphasis on that letter for example, the letter: "Three" would be produced as tri (not a tri-like triangle, but quickly without emphasis).

"Selamat Petang" (pronounced: "Slaa maat, pea taa-ng"), means "good evening" and can be used as a greeting.

"Selamat Datang" (pronounced: "Slaa maat, daa-taang"),

Grammer ep: 22 Confused words

Accept and except:

Some words in the English language sound the same but have completely different meanings, the words "hear" and "here", are similar sounding, as well as "accept" and "except". 

The word "hear," commonly refers to hearing noises, for example: "I hear a train going long its track", compared to the word "here" which normally means closeness, "I am here at the bus stop".

While the words accept and except have the same sound they too have different meanings:
"I accept the gifts with open arms", and except can be used with or as a substitute for the word but as: "I like this dinner except for the veggies".

There, their, and they're:

There, their and they're, are also very confusing as they sound completely the same, but they have their separate use cases:

You can use there as a locator verb "There is the rabbit that keeps eating my carrots",

their is a possessive objective that can be used as a form of ownership, "It's their toy, don't try and snatch it",

and they're is even more complicated, but it is a shortened form of they are: "They're not home right now so put the mail in the mailbox"

Grammer ep: 22 Affect and Effect

Affect is a verb that means "to impact" or "to influence" "The loud noise affected the golfer's backswing." Effect is a noun that means "result" or "consequence". For example: "The effect was the water was spewing from the fountain"

The effect can also be used as a "result", for example: "The drought had an Effect on Suzie's crops".

And it can be used as: "Her crops were Affected immensely".

Effect is used as a way of saying "change". 

Another example is: "The tax increase affected her monthly income"

Note: Both "effect" and "effect" have other definitions, but these are the ones that people usually mix up.

Interphase

Interphase is a phase in a cell's life that a cell spends most of its life in, there are three phases: G1, S, and G2. 

In the first phase (G1), the cell grows and takes in nutrients. In the second (S) phase, the cell's DNA is replicated. Each replicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids connected at the centromere. 

When DNA replicates, it copies chromosomes, and when it copies it, it makes two combined chromosomes named "sister chromatids", the place of connection between the sister chromatids is named the centromere, not to be confused with the centrosome.
We call this phase the "S" phase, or synthesis, even though they are two chromatids they are still considered one chromosome.

In the last phase (G2) there's another growth phase, during this phase, the membrane of the cell gets larger and after it reaches its preferred size, the cell is then ready for mitosis.