Tuesday, January 31, 2023

Latvia

 A baltic country.

The capital is Riga, on the gulf of Riga.

Latvia has 4,000 historic wooden buildings, more than any European city.

They were part of the soviets and they have ghost towns that once held soviet officials.

They also made a prison into a hotel where guests get treated as prisoners.

They have lots of fortresses.

Latvia has 12,500 rivers.

The population of 2 million.

Euro as currency.


The history of the car

 Ahh, the car, is the main form of transportation for most people on planet earth.

Cars were invented in 1886 when a German inventor of the name Carl Benz, made the Benz-Moterwagen and it became widely available during the 20th. One of the most widely owned was the 1908 Model T (which is the classic roofed car from movies like Sherlock holmes, and old-themed movies and TV shows). The Model T was made by the Ford Motor Company. 

In the US cars were replaced by horse-drawn carriages. Not until automobiles were not in high demand but after 
WW2, a car was part of a "Developed economy".

Cars have controls to park drive and for extra passengers. And over time many additions were added to cars to make them drive better and be more comfortable, such as air conditioning, more comfortable seating, and suspension for smoother driving. 

Most cars are powered by an internal combustion engine and fueled by fossil fuels, but electric cars use electricity to function, it is estimated to be cheaper to buy an electric car instead of a regular fuel-powered car by the year 2025.
The most reason to use electric cars is for the smaller carbon footprint and to help with climate change, as electricity can be made from wind and water, and other sources but fossil fuels are finite. 

But repairs and maintenance, fuel, parking fees, taxes, and insurance do impact the price of a car. The costs of maintaining roads for cars are expensive.
And traffic and accidents are one of the most deadly in the world taking the lives of 46,000 people a year in 
accidents and crashes worldwide.

The benefits of driving a car are convenience (as public transport can be uncomfortable for some), and mobility to go anywhere you wish at fast speeds compared to walking. 

There are more than one Billion cars in use worldwide.

Cars are a vital point in the planet's economy and a massive industry making billions a year. 



Monday, January 30, 2023

The Science of nuclear energy

Nuclear power is from the nucleus from the core of atoms (made of protons and neutrons), and there are two ways to make nuclear energy, fission when the nuclei of atoms split, and fusion when the nuclei fuse together.

Nuclear power plants are filled with uranium-235, to produce heat through nuclear fission, and the heat warms the reactor cooling agent, usually water to produce steam. The steam is used to spin turbines then that turn into an electric generator to create low-carbon electricity.

Uranium is a metal that is in all rocks, and it has several Isotopes, Urainium-238 makes most of the majority of uranium in the world but, it cannot produce a fission chain reaction,, but uranium 235 can, but it makes only 1% of the world's uranium.

To make natural uranium go under fission, it is important to do something called uranium enrichment. Once it is enriched, it can be used to fuel nuclear power plants for 3-5 years. After it is still radioactive and has to be disposed of.

Nuclear power is a really low-carbon source of energy, compared to coal oil, or gas. CO2 barely comes from these power plants, Nuclear reactors generate, and is close to 1/3 of the carbon-free electricity.

Nuclear energy is actually not that harmful to the involvement and it is vital to helping climate change goals.


Saturday, January 28, 2023

Youth Talk Class: 9

 An Influencer is someone who influences others.

Positive influence is like changing your lifestyle to be healthier.

Negative influence is influencing someone to have negative thoughts about Allah. 

Your friends and family can also influence you to maybe start smoking. Or buy a house early, or a car.



Thursday, January 26, 2023

Laos

 Vientiane is their capital.

Laos is in the "golden triangle", which is where most of the world's opium are grown.

Laos has a lot of unexploded ordinances which are bombs and leftovers from the Vietnam war, and they mostly came from the US. The idea is that the US wanted to destroy the Ho Chi Minh trail supply routes to Vietnam, and they used bombs to do that without warning they dropped about 260 million tons of bombs on Laos, making Laos the most bombed capital per capita in history.
About 1/3 of the bombs did not explode but they are still there, they even recycled some of them into plant pots and made their own economy selling these unexploded shells. And Boats are made of these now.

Laos's highest peak Phau Bia is actually not allowed to be climbed as that mountain has unexploded bombs that might cause a threat to the climbers.

On the Mekong river, there is a phenomenon called the Naga fireballs, which are "fireballs" that come rising from the water of the river, although some say it's fake if it is real, scientists say that it might be Phosphine guesses are limited by bacteria that combust under the water.

A population of 8 million people.

They use Lao kip they also accept Thai Bhat, and USD.

They were also colonized by the french so baguettes are sold here.

It is also rude to touch a person on top of their head, as that is considered sacred.


the science of Deforestation

 Deforestation is the fancy way of saying "destroying the trees"

Throughout history, humans have chopped down trees to make the land for housing and animal grazing, and wood.

Deforestation has altered landscapes all around the world, about 200 years ago 80% of western Europe was forested but today it is only 34% forested, and half of Northern America's forests in the eastern part of the content were chopped down from the 1600s to the 1870s

Today most of the deforestation is done for accessing remote areas in jungles and forests.
Slash and burn methods for agriculture and logging are used, where farmers burn large parts of forests to make space for agriculture and use the ash to fertilize the crops grown. But the land is only fertile for a few years, after that the farmers leave the land and go to another forest to burn and grow crops and the cycle repeats itself.

Tropical forests have also been cleared this way for logging and cattle, and most for rubber and oil palms. Since oil palm is a big industry thanks to logging.

10% of the forests are lost since the 2000s, and around 121,000 square kilometers were lost due to logging in 2019. 

Deforestation is a problem for the biodiversity of the earth because many plants and animals live in the forests that are burned down and cut down every year due to deforestation, as burning and chopping the trees in a forest can drive the animals out of the forests, and some to extinction.

Burning trees and deforestation in general are around 20% of emissions of greenhouse gasses globally. 

Furthermore, the loss of trees can also cause erosion in the soil, which is the weakness and stability of the dirt, since there are no trees to support the dirt, it becomes soft and easy to fall, and that in turn causes landslides. 

But not all hope is lost, thanks to conservation efforts, humans are replanting trees to combat the large tree shortage. 




history of the Lighter

The lighter was made by Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, a german chemist and professor of chemistry and technology at the Universisy of Jena in Germany.

He invent the lighter 1923 and named it "Feuzeug" or Döbereiner's lamp, and it worked on Sulfiric acid, zinc and hydrogen gas to light.

But is combination wasn't really safe as it was commonly to spontaneously combust or explode if left at high temptrues, and it was very difficult and cumbersome to use.

But even with the dangers of the "lamp", it became widespread around Europe, and an estimated 20,000 were in use. This caused some manufacturers to work to improve on the design of the lamp.



An Austrian scientist named Carl Auer von Welsbach, made the first flint lighers, whihc came to be known as flint, in 1903. It used. Even though they were called "flint lighers", they never really used flint as they used 
Ferrocerium which is a human made mixture of metals that made sparks.



Zippo lighter (coming from the word zipper) are the lighers that have the flipy thingy on the top with the open flame. And it was made by George Blaisdell in 1932 in Bradford Pennsylvania, it had a high flame that was windproof since the base of the flame was shielded by metal plate, the Zippo was made of brass but after WW2 it wwas made with cracker steel since of metal shortages during the war. 
Soldgerrs during WW2 held the zippo with crests of their military unit.


BIC lighers are the lighers are the sold by BIC (which makes up aroudn 35.5% of their yearly revenue), they started selling them in 1917, it was one of the only disposable lighers on the market since Zippo was made of steel and expensive to throw away. It was made to be relibile and affordable to the general public instead of buying expensive Zippo, just buy a cheep BIC lighter, and now they are everywhere as part.

Now the BIC lighers are used everywhere and are the most common lighers, aldought the classy people will buy a Zippo to fancy. Now you can use lighers everywhere and they are used in BBQ's and for lighting fires all around the globe.


Wednesday, January 25, 2023

The history of the match

 A British pharmacist named John Walker invented the match in 1826, but it was not without a catch-22, the people making the matches were exposed to white phosphorus, which is dangerous as it is explosive when in contact with oxygen, the long hours spent in the factories sometimes gave the medical issue named "phossy jaw", which it causes the bones to die and teeth to decay and sometimes causes the jaw to be lost.

Walker was meant to make paster that might be used in guns, but instead added white phosphorus to a small wooden stick and scraped it and it caught fire. 

He started selling it to locals in England in April of 1827 and it was very favored over standard fire-starting methods. He named it "Friction lights", but he was what people call now a chill dude, as he did not patent his product (which is a synonym for copyright). So that anyone can make it (if you patent a product no one else that doesn't has the rights can produce it). 

He was repeatedly told to patent his wonderful product, but he refrained from it, and another British man named Samuel Jones made a copy of Walker's product and started selling "Lucifers" in 1829.

After "Lucifers", hit the market, matches were a common trade in England, as hundreds of factories were spread around the country all around the match trade.

How it was made was workers dipped treated wood into the white phosphor and then dried and cut the sticks into the small pieces of wood that you see often.

Like many other poorly paid and tedious factory jobs in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, matchmakers were mostly women and children, “Half the employees in this industry were kids who hadn’t even reached their teens. While working long hours indoors in a cramped, dark factory.

A person with name Mrs. Fleet a victim of phossy jaw said that was complaining of tooth and jaw ache, and had 4 teeth extracted after she was in pain and the smell of dying bone coming out from her cheek.

After she was let go from the match company, she was not hired by any other match company as they did not want the public to know about the phossy jaw, since that would tarnish their reputation and sales would drop since people would probably riot since the workers were treated harshly. 

Eventually, matchmaking with white phosphorus was banned in the United States in 1910. Now matches use potassium chlorate, mixed with sulfur which is much safer than phosphorus.

Even after 100 years matches are now still used in fire-starting around the globe and were a very important improvement to the quality of life from the 1800s.








Recycling phones

 Phones are cool, as much as 96% of them can be recycled and can be used in future technology. Phones and cars have a lithium-ion battery, which is rechargeable, and they will probably last and work better when you recycle them.

As in the process of recycling the phone, the components that make up the phone become less uniform and less compact, and then that makes them more resistant to stress.

And that less compact and uniform materials are better at keeping a charge.

And you can also sell old phones for profit since some companies make those old phones into new electronics.

It is important to remove all personal data before recycling.

For peace of mind knowing that your phone is used in recycling in instead of adding to a landfill or a burner. Recycle your old phones today to help with the global climate crisis.


Kyrgyzstan

The capital is Bishkek.

They have thousands of lakes, over 400 rivers and canals, and 88 mountain ranges and forests, most of which are untouched by humans.

They have the second-largest salt lake in the world other than lake Titicaca located in South America. Since of its salinity and hot springs all around Kyrgyzstan, it never freezes in the winter months.

They have the 6th largest nonpolar glacier in the world dubbed "Inylchek".

And they also have the world's largest walnut forest at around 27,000 acres of land of just walnut trees.

Kyrgyzstan is also a massive well of untapped green energy, and they have so much green energy from Hydroelectric dams that they have to export it to their neighboring countries since they can't store it all in Kyrgyzstan.

Also, mining is important here, as they have the last surviving Mercury mine (which if ingested through the mouth or inhaled can kill you, as Emperor Qin Shi Huang got killed by mercury poisoning, and they export gold.

A population of 6 million.

Som as their currency and it is one of the only countries that have the denomination of 3 as part of their currency.

They were part of the Soviet empire, so Russian is their official language.







Monday, January 23, 2023

Minhaj al Muslim By Sh Tariq Appleby pt: 7

The people who use the Quran are the people trying to reach Allah.

People have different views about life and death.

The best guidance is from the Prophet Muhammad. The Quran has the best speech.


Wednesday, January 18, 2023

If you don't drink water

 Water is everywhere, the average is between 55-60% made of water, and babies are made of about 70% of water.

The water in our body is used to nurture the brain and keep our bones lubricated.

An adult's brain and heart are 3/4th's water. And "dry" human bones are 31% water.

Getting a good healthy amount of water is important, as dehydration is bad. Dehydration and overhydration both can have lasting medical issues.  

Water has an impact on seizures, and are in many foods such as strawberries.

Drink water.


The History of the Bow and arrow

The bow and arrow is a classic weapon used throughout history for its long ranged capabilities.

It is an arc-like shape that has a connecting string at the base of the arc. Shooting an arrow by notching an arrow on the string, pulling on the bowstring and letting go, and in turn, relieving the arrow from the string.

The earliest known evidence of the bow and arrow comes from the South African Sibudu cave which is where it is likely that there were arrowheads found there, dating back to around 72 to 60,000 years ago.

The earliest arrowheads came from Fa Hiden Cave in Sri Lanka, which dates from 48,000 years ago. 

The bow and arrow was a crucial point in hunting and warfare until gunpowder weapons in the 16th century. The Longbow was used as England's weapon of war until the middle ages (which is a long time), Genghis Khan and his Mongols, conquered lots with short bows. And native Americans used archery to hunt and defend themselves during the English and later American colonization.

In the 18th century, the upper British class made archery a fashionable sport in the 18th century.


Kuwait

 The capital is Kuwait city.

They were part of the gulf war, so there is a lot of oil, and there is the residue of the war located in destroyed oil fields that solidified to tar, and lots of industrial pipelines and refinery buildings from the gulf wars. 

Kuwait in the 1950s was one of the first countries to use desalination plants as its main form of water.

Summers in Kuwait are very hot and it is possible for Kuwait to get to over 50 degrees celsius.

Other than oil, Kuwait was known for its very expensive and sought-after wild oyster pearls, but in 1916 Japan cultivated their own pearls for a bigger world population and that kinda stopped the whole pearl thing with Kuwait (but they still had oil.)

4.2 Million population.

The Kuwaiti dinar is their currency, and it is the highest-valued currency in the world.




In the Shade of the Qur'an by Dr Abd Aziz pt: 8

One of the prophets made a dam that was built between two mountains with iron and stones to block water.

Whatever you have thank Allah because other people have less than you.
Remind yourself that "whatever I have, others don't have".


Tuesday, January 17, 2023

The sciense of glowsticks

The glow stick's outer plastic tube holds a solution of an oxalate ester and an electron-rich dye along with a glass vial filled with a hydrogen peroxide solution. The snap starts the reaction signals that you've broken the glass tube, releasing the hydrogen peroxide causing it to glow.


history of the music box

 The music box was the first device that could play music back to the receiver.

It was probably invented in Switzerland around the 1770s. Early music boxes were designed to play music using flat metal prongs that were plucked by a revolving metal cylinder. Eventually, music box makers developed a flat disc to play the music.


Monday, January 16, 2023

South Korea

 The capital is Seoul.

South and North share the DMZ, the Demilitarized zone, which is controlled by no less than 2 million people at one time. 

There are 4 known tunnels built under the DMZ including what South Korea dubbed the Third Tunnel of aggression, there are presumed to having around 20 more tunnels, but info on that is classified.

Everland (South Korea's biggest theme park) and Lotte world, the world's largest indoor theme park.

The population of 51 million people.

The South Korean Won is their currency.

Korean is their language. 

South Korea is a subscription-based country. As you must serve in the military between the ages of 18 and 35 for at least two years.

Also E-Sports.

Stress and suicide is common as *Honor culture* is in South Korea and society is pressuring.



Saturday, January 14, 2023

Youth Talk Class: 8

 Allah provides sustiance to everything.

Allah provides for them, he will not a person to leave the dunya until he has filled a quota set by Allah, if Allah made that a person will get 20 million USD, and lives a happy life, the person will not die until that quota is filled.


Monday, January 9, 2023

The biggest waterfall

 The biggest waterfall on earth is underwater. 

Located in the Denmark Strait 600 meters below the surface of Greenland and Iceland. There is a 3500-meter undersea mountain like a cataract (a triangle if you want to believe that).

In that spot, cold water from the nordic seas is trying to go south. while the warmer north Atlantic water is trying to go north, and hitting that triangle where the top is warmer and the cold is below the warm water, it just curves over the triangle mountain (not really a triangle but a mountain peak none-the-less).

And it falls for about 3km (which is about 2 times the height of Venezuela's Angel falls) 3.5 million cubic meters fall from the waterfall and which has 130 times more volume than the biggest waterfalls on land. 



Sunday, January 8, 2023

history of the LED

Robert Biard and Gary Pittman invented an infrared LED light in 1961 while working at Texas Instruments. 

The next year, in 1962, Nick Holonyak, Jr. (the “Father of the Light-Emitting Diode”) invented the first LED that produced visible, red light while working at General Electric.

in the 1960s, researchers and engineers continued experimenting with semiconductors with the reason to make more efficient LEDs. They experimented with different chemicals, and then bright red and orange LEDs came into production.

Then, in 1972, M. George Craford, while working at Monsanto, used one red and one green diode to create a pale yellow light. Crawford also invented an LED that was about ten times brighter than Holonyak’s. Monsanto became the first company to mass-produce LED lights.


Now they are used to making many displays and now leads have become smaller and smaller TVs, and Phones are already using less than a fraction of the size of the original.




Thursday, January 5, 2023

Science of Deep frying

Deep-fat frying is one of the oldest and most popular ways to prepare food. 

'The economy of commercial deep-fat frying has been estimated to be $83 billion in the United States and at least twice the amount for the rest of the world (Pedreschi and others 2005). 

Fried foods have that specific flavor, color, and crispy texture, which makes deep-fat fried foods very popular with consumers. Frying is a process of immersing food in hot oil with contact between oil, air, and food at a high temperature of 150 °C to 190 °C. The accompanying heat and mass transfer of oil, food, and air during deep-fat frying produce the unique quality of fried foods. 

Used in Chips and fries and noodles more commonly.


History of pies

The A-Z of Food and Drink from 2002 suggest the word pie or (pye) came about in the 14th century. 

The history of the pie comes from ancient Egypt and Greece, the ancient Greeks ate a pie named artocreas, it was the type with meat instead of apples and had the top open. The Romans may have made the first made pie that had a top and bottom crust.

The 2nd Centruy recipe for placenta or named flat cake, in De Agri cultural by Marcus Porcius Cato, may have made the first recipe for a fully closed pie, it was made by encasing a thick filling of goat cheese, honey, and layers of pastry dough (tract), then the bottom and top crust.

Around the 16th century, England was starting to like the sweet fruit pie or tart and it was noted that Queen Elizabeth was very much fond of cherry pie. 

There were recipes for cherries and strawberries in a Proper Newe Booke of Corkery, also the book has many recipes for both meat and fruit pies/tarts, and a chapter solely devoted to pastry. 

By the 17 century, sweet pies and tarts had become common, and cookbooks for this century could see many books just for these dishes. 

Colonial America started making pies around the same time as England, and as America grew so did the cooking, as the access to sweeteners such as maple syrup, cane sugar, molasses, and honey (the Dutch and English imported honey bees to the U.S.). Settlers made pumpkin, apple, pear, quince, and blueberry pie. Amelia Simmon’s American Cookery (1796), the first American cookbook, contains a recipe for “Pumpkin Pudding,” which is baked in a crust. This is one of the first recipes for the classic American pumpkin pie.

The Northern states of the US became known for pumpkin pies, the Midwest for its cream and cheese pies, the Southwest made nut pies from the pecan and walnut trees, Florida made the key-lime pie, Kentucky the chess pie, and below the Mason-Dixon line, the sweet potato pie.

The popularity of pie in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was due to the health movement. In fact, pies were condemned. Articles written by Sarah Tyson Rorer, such as “Why I have no cakes and pies on my table” (1905) and “Why I oppose pies” (1900), appeared in Ladies Home Journal.  In these articles, Mrs. Rorer wrote that “the inside of a pie is injurious” and “pies and cakes are indigestible.”

By the mid-20th century instant pudding mixes, canned fruit, and frozen and ready pie crusts made pie makings simple. Also with the use of home refrigerators. The rapidly growing food industry added other foods to pies, incorporating products such as Coca-Cola, Oreos, potato chips, and Ritz crackers.

Now pies are nice and tasty to eat and the regular pumpkin pie is a staple at Halloween now.




Wednesday, January 4, 2023

Finland

 The capital is Helsinki.

There are castles and fortresses that are very common here.

Finland is ranked top 3 in the world for the cleanest air quality, bc it is 80% of the land is trees.

Also if you are lucky you can witness an Aurora borealis, normally in the northern parts.

Also Ice hotels.

The population of 5.5 million and the least populated in the EU.

Euro as currency.

Finland has one of the best schools in the world and there are practically no tests other than the final exam from the final senior year of high school. Also if you get your Ph.D. you have the option to get a top hat and a sword

Citizens are required to be part of the military either for 165 days or a year depending on the field. 

They love Sauna's most homes hotels and apartments have them built into them. They had a Sauna competition on who could last the longest. and a Russian guy died doing that so they canceled it. 


North Korea

 North Korea is very different from South Korea.

North Korea is capital is Pyongyang.

North Korea's border with South Korea is one of the most controversial parts of North Korea as it is a 250km DMZ (Demilitarized Zone).

 North Korea has many hidden bases, like hidden airports for military plane hangers, underground factories, and around 8,000 to 15,000 hidden underground facilities here.

Symbolism is very important here as every school and office building is required to have portraits of the late Kim Jong ll and Kim ll Sung on their walls.

Every single crop field has government jurisdiction as farmers have to give a potion or quarter of produce to the state. 

In the 1990s floods and natural disasters caused famine which killed hundreds of thousands of people.

The population of 25 million, and has the most military troops with about 48 people per 1000 people.

North Korean Won as their currency.

North Korea has a thing called Juche which is the Ideology of North Korea from the founder Kim ll-Sung. It translates to "Self-reliance", the calendar here actually starts with Kim Il-sung's birthday on April 15, 1912. 

The Sungun Jung-ji policy, rationed priority to the military. Both men and women are required to serve in the military.

There are lots of things banned in North Korea as outside Music and movies, Youtube, Jeans, overly probative clothing, and Domestic travel between cities unless you have a permit. Hair dye, the 28 unapproved hairstyles for men and women, and Religious texts or literature like the Quran or Bible.

The people living in the capital have to excel in academics and arts. 

 

In the Shade of the Qur'an by Dr Abd Aziz pt: 7

 Allah can see the unseen.


Tuesday, January 3, 2023

history of Grafiti

 The earliest form of graffiti came about when humans wrote on walls thousands of years ago. After that the Romans and the Greeks wrote their names and poems and protests on buildings, modern graffiti seems to have appeared in Philadelphia in the early 1960s, and by the late sixties, it had reached New York.

Then people started writing "tags" on walls and buildings all over the city, in the mid-seventies, it was hard to see out of windows of subway trains as they were covered by spray paint dubbed "masterpieces". Taggers were from gangs that were marking territory.  The term ‘graffiti’ was first used by The New York Times.

Art galleries in New York began buying graffiti in the early seventies. But at the same time that it began to be regarded as an art form, John Lindsay, the then mayor of New York, declared the first war on graffiti. By the 1980s it became much harder to write on subway trains without being caught, and instead many graffiti artists began using roofs of buildings or canvases.




Kiribati

The county is made of 33 island atolls and reefs, one-third in the region of Micronesia, and the other two-thirds are in Polynesia.

Kiribati islands pass through the international date line and the equator this makes them the only country in the world to straddle across 4 hemispheres. 

21 of the islands are inhabited.

Kiribati is having the problem of sinking, two islands are already under the water.

They eat a lot of seafood. And also they harvest food.

110 thousand population.

They use two currencies, the Kiribati dollar, and the Australian dollar.



 

Monday, January 2, 2023

history of playing cards

Playing cards first appeared in Europe in the 1370s, probably in Italy or Spain, and as imports from merchants from the Islamic Mamlūk dynasty from Egypt. The first European cards were hand-painted, making them expensive and luxury goods for the rich.

In the 1480s french started painting through stencils, a practice resulting in the distinctively simplified design of suit marks technically designated French but now generally called an international design because of their worldwide popularity: pique, Coeur, carreau, trèfle. Known in English as spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs.

most of the newer card decks are used in magic and in carpentry and are more high quality than their predecessor's hundreds of years ago. 





History of icecream

Until 1800, ice cream remained a rare dessert eaten mostly by important people. Around 1800, insulated ice houses were invented. After that manufacturing ice cream soon became an industry in America, made in 1851 by a Baltimore milk dealer named Jacob Fussell.

Ice cream production increased because of technological innovations, including steam power, mechanical refrigeration, the homogenizer, electric power and motors, packing machines, and new freezing processes and equipment. 

Stay cool. (I am bad at jokes).

Kenya

 Capital Nairobi.

Kenya is famous for its wildlife.

The 3rd largest tea producer.

49 million people.

Kenyan Shilling is their currency.

Swahili and English as their language.

Minhaj al Muslim By Sh Tariq Appleby pt: 6

Ar-Riq is slavery, there are people very rich in the Islamic years, and there was a slave that appointed governors and had his own palace. When you think about slavery you think of the American civil war, and the African slave trade, and... Yeah that, well in the Islamic years, there is a lot of baggage compared to how it was in the Islamic years.

Islam does not promote slavery, no ayats about it. But there are laws about slavery, when the prophet was around slavery was common, in Islam, there are laws about slavery and how to treat them well. 

Islam encourages freeing slaves, but Islam does not condone slavery.

The only time that Muslims are allowed to take slaves is in war, as a mercy to keep people safe from the fighting to take them and put them in a safe place away from the war until they can be liberated.

Slaves are one of the parts of Zakat.


The Golden Dart Frog

 The Golden dart frog is a very deadly frog. Found in the Amazon rainforest, this golden brightly colored frog has the strongest animal toxin in the world. The toxin is called Batrachotoxin, which is 250 times more toxic than Strychnine. 

batrachotoxin is an alkaloid, the same as caffeine, nicotine, and morphine. batrachotoxin is a  potent neuro and cardiotoxin, meaning that the poison, hurts your brain, and your heart instantly stops very useful organs like the heart (which is very important in living) and stops it from working.

The name dart frog comes from the indigenous tribes that would use the dart frogs' poison in weapons, so it got its name dart frog. The poison is so strong, that if you dip a weapon in its poison, it will be poisonous for 2 years straight. 

The dart frog's poison comes from its diet. They eat beetles, termites, and alkaloid-rich ants to gain the poison.  

I guess you are what you eat, and if you eat alkaloid-rich ants then you get to be poisonous.


History of Sandpaper

 Sandpaper came about in the 13th century in China, they used a natural gum to bind stones, seeds, and shells to a piece of parchment. 

Sandpaper comes with different grits with roughness levels.

Glass paper was manufactured in London in 1833 by John Ockey, Glass paper is very small grits of glass that can be used as sandpaper. 

Then in 1921, 3M invented a sandpaper with silicon carbide grit and a waterproof adhesive named Wet and dry. This is the first application in automotive paint refinishing.

You can mount it to a wheel or on a sanding block, both have their uses.