Physics pt. 11: Digital and analog information

 Something analogue can be any value within a given range, and something digital can have multiple discrete and different levels, an analogue clock has hands which move around the centre and since it's analogue you can make it so that it displays certain numbers (10:30, 11:31, 5,03) and so on and it has infinite values.
A digital clock can do 10:30 and 10:30:51, which is more precise, but they have a finite number of values.

Sound is not only a wave, but it is an analogue, the amplitude which is the volume and the frequency which we hear as pitch, are all an infinite possible combinations.

The first recording of sound was imprinted on a material, like a vinyl record, or a music box, which is sound imprinted on a surface or material.

Physics pt. 10: Absorption and Reflection

Light can interact with many things, Absorption and Reflection.
If you were to be in the mountains and take a look at a clear pond, you would be able to see the surrounding mountains which are reflected off the water causing it to reflect the light.

And the same with snow, if you were to look straight at the snow, it would hurt your eyes, because it is very reflective and can blind you. That's when people are in he snow for a long time, they have to wear spectacles so they don't get blinded. And why some ski masks have tinting to help.

Alleles and genes

 Imagine the DNA being a sort of string (it's actually a sort of double helix, but imagine a string to make it easier).

Different parts of this string can be coded for different proteins, let's say that a certain part of this string is coded for DNA replication and another part for the pigmentation of your eyes. 

The most primitive life ever found was self-replicating RNA.

History pt 4: Agriculture

 The start of Agriculture started in, Iraq, Syria and Turkiye.

When people started farming, we started with the simple grains of wheat and barley.

Agriculture was founded by many different people, roughly around the same time. But there is no definite way of saying who figured out how to do agriculture, this wasn't taught by some travelling person teaching about the wonders of agriculture, but instead by individuals or groups of people who figured out how to water plants to grow food.

9000bce was commonly referred to as the start of agriculture, now let's go to what's modern-day Sudan, near the Sahara desert, grown in Sudan was Sorgum, but nowadays Sorgum is animal feed, and you can also make sweet syrup from it.

9000-7000bce was when we started domesticating animals, and 1000 years later when people started cultivating yam, okra (ladies finger), and black-eyed peas.

Starting around 6500bce, people around the Yangtze River, started growing rice, fully domesticated pigs buffalo, and chicken, and going north of the river at 5500bce people started cultivating millet and soybeans.

Then Mexico at 4000bce, started growing maize plants, beans, peppers, squashes and tomatoes.

5:50

 

Chemistry pt. 5: The Lewis diagram

The Luwis diagram is similar to the Bohr model as it is a simplified Bohr model, so let's take a Nitrogen atom, it has 5 valence electrons, 7 total elections but 5 valence. So to draw a Lewis diagram for a Nitrogen atom, you would just draw the Valence elections, without the rings,.

Now let's take a Nitride Ion, which is a nitride atom that gained 3 elections, so a nitride atom has 8 valence electrons,
if we were to draw a nitride ion with the 8 valences it would be an N with 8 dots around it,
and those dots being the Valence elections, now since it added 3 elections, it is now a negative 3 charge, and you would write an N with 8 dots around it, but because it is a negatively charged ion, it would have brackets with -3 outside it.

Introduction to heredity

 Heredity is inherited from traits from parents.

Some traits seem to dominate, like skin colour, hair colour, and height. 
The study of what gets passed on via genes was much, much older than the study of DNA.
The father of heredity study is Gregor Mendel who was actually a monk and he would experiment with plants and see which plant would follow which parent DNA more.

Certain traits are more prominent than others. An Allele and a Gene are very different and have defining characteristics for both, Gregor mentally was doing this in the 1850s.

Let's take two random chromosomes from the father, and mother, and on the chromosomes is a Locus, which is where the gene for the eye colour comes from, and let's say these are Homologous chromosomes, so they code for the same allele.
Now if both parents have different eye colours the person would be a heterozygote. Which is a heterozygous genotype. If both parents have the same eye colour of genes the person is a  homozygous, or this a homozygous genotype.

But Mendel discovered and learned something we will call dominance, this refers to one of the traits inherited from the mother or father is the more dominant gene. Now let's take two genes: One having blue eyes (the more dominant gene), and the other having brown eyes (the recessive gene).
And since brown eyes are the dominant gene, most of the people who have both genes will most commonly have brown eyes, which is named a Genotype.

Now a Phenotype, for example, let's say you have a brown eye allele from both parents. You will see that you will have brown eyes.

Apoptosis

The word Apoptosis comes from Greek: Apo meaning "Away" and Ptosis meaning "Falling".

Literally meaning "Falling Away", which is a type of cell death.
Apoptosis is one of the ways cells die.

One way is Necrosis, a type of death where the cell will swell and explode. This isn't an ideal cell death as when it "explodes" it can damage other cells around it and can cause cells from the immune system that cause inflammation as the immune system cells might believe that those parts from the cell that recently died from necrosis are invading the body and attacking it.
The human body tries its best to avoid necrosis as it usually happens when the body is exposed to a chemical toxin and it causes the cell to die unnaturally.

The other way is Apoptosis which is the less extreme way of cells dying, for example when your hands are forming in your mother's womb, your hand starts out in a sort of paddle, and Apoptosis widdles it down to form your fingers.
Apoptosis is kinda like dissolving the cells.

Another place where Apoptosis shows up is in a tadpole, when a tadpole turns into a frog, the cells use Apoptosis to remove the tail. 

Apoptosis is happening all the time in your body. It is meant to keep the cells from multiplying too much, while not damaging the cells around it. As too many cells can cause cancer.

Also when cells suffer from DNA damage, if they can't fix it by themselves, they undergo Apoptosis. So with Apoptosis, it can save you from cancer. 

Keep in mind that not all cells will die to Apoptosis. Some will die to Necrosis 

Physics pt. 10: Waves

If you would take a rope and tie it to a pole jutting out of the ground.
Grab the other end and move it up and down, you will notice it waves up and down performing a waving motion, a wave is a disturbance, which can probate.

A mechanical wave is a type of wave that travels through a medium in this case it is the rope, and something to keep in mind is that waves transfer energy but not transfer matter.

Now what does that mean?.
It means that the moving of the rope is moving the rope as it is transferring energy. While it's not moving the ropes position as it is still attached to the pole. 
As the kinetic energy of your hand moves the rope causes it to move.

The period in a wave is measured in seconds and tells us how long each wave cycle takes to complete. 
Next is the wavelength, which as the name suggests the difference in distance between adjacent waves.

To calculate this, you would do an equation that looks like this: Frequency = Cycles/s = hz. 
Or the frequency is wave cycles divided by seconds. To get speed you would calculate distance * time. 

Different types of waves move at different speeds. For example, lightning is a form of wave that has two "Waves", the 1st wave uses the bright flash of lightning, and the second wave is the thunder that accompanies the lightning. Both are waves.
The reason why you see the bright light faster is because it is an electromagnetic wave, which is light, which travels faster than sound.
Electromagnetic waves are special as they don't need a medium to travel fast, that's why you see lightning before thunder. As different waves move at different speeds. 

When you speak, you use soundwaves to push the particles in the air around your "soundwave" and people around you can hear you.

When you look at a wave, you will see, well a wave.
But there are names to the parts of one, the tips or the elevated areas are named "Crests", while the drooping parts are named "Troughs", and the distance between the resting line of a wave is named "Amplitudes", and the distance between waves are named "Wave-lengths".

A wave's "Frequency" can be measured by how many crests appear at a certain time, say 25 crests in 5 seconds, meaning that every second there are 5 crests every 1 second.

Light can be perceived as a wave. Light can be seen as different colours and the frequency can be how bright the light is, and visible light is called electromagnetic waves.
Like Ultraviolet light, X-ray, or Gamma rays. Or Infrared, or radio waves. And these are different frequencies of what we classify as electromagnetic waves. 

Transmission means when a wave transfers materials.
Let's take the sun for an example, imagine how many materials the sun's rays have to pass through to hit the green grass.

First, it has to travel 93 million miles from the deep vacuum of space and that's interesting as light doesn't need a medium to travel through, unlike sound and, electromagnetic waves.
And has to travel through kilometres of the Earth's atmosphere. 

Sound waves are just travelling pressure waves through the air, if you are in a room, and you close the door, you can still faintly hear outside as if someone is speaking to you from outside the sound waves have to travel through the air and then while the air is vibrating with the sound wave, go to the direction of the closed door, and vibrate the air around the outside, though the door and in the room you are in, some frequencies are better at travelling through certain materials.

If you were to put a pencil in a cup of water, it looks like the pencil is bent, and it is refraction, as it is light refraction.
But light refraction is not the only wave that can be refracted, 

Human fertilization and early development

 When sperm wants to go to the egg, it is actually one of several 100,000,000,000 sperm cells that had a race to see who would get to the female egg first, as when you are born these many sperms would race to see who would be the one that combination of DNA from your father.

A sperm cell is a gamete from your father, and an egg cell is a gamete from your mother.
Each gamete has 23 chromosomes, not chromosome pairs, but chromosomes.
Once the egg is fertilized, the 23 chromosomes form the 46 chromosomes or 23 paired chromasomes.

A Zygote is a fertilised egg, which has 46 chromosomes is made out of two cells or nuclei, but these aren't fully fused yet so they are named pronuclei, which is where most of the genetic makeup of your father and your mother is given to construct you.

Once this happens the cells start dividing, splitting into 2, then 4, and you get a cell division every couple of days. Until you have 16 cells named morula which after 5-9 days, the morula keeps splitting and now has around 200-300 cells, which is now named a Blastocyst.

Doctors and scientists use a table which plots the average childbirth process. But they always start on week 2, why week 2?.
It is because of a gestational age. Which starts when the mother has her last menstrual cycle. Note that this could be 2 weeks before the day of conception of the embryo.

At week 2, starting the embryo stage, which starts the human embryo at the size of a blueberry.
Appearing 7 weeks after the conception of the embryo. Most would call this a fetus. Being around 5cm in size, the boundary between embryo and fetus is not really well defined, but most if not all believe that after the 12th week, it is a fetus.

Around the 42nd to the 46th week or the 9th month is when the baby is ready to be extracted by the mother. 

But the 27th to the 30th week or 7th month has a viable survival chance if the baby were to come out of the womb, it would survive, but most wait for the 42nd week.

By the 5th month or the 23rd to 26th week, if the baby were to come out it would have a fifty per cent survival chance.

 

Malay: pt 10 Speaking to a store clerk

 For speaking to people using Encik or cik (pronounced: en-cheek, and cheek. You should cut off the word cheek and cut the word short) 
Meaning "Mr"" or "Ms", for addressing strangers.

If they are asking what you are looking for, you can say Saya tengok tengok je (pronounced: teng-oak teng-ock, jeeh), tengok meaning "look" and Je being a shortened version of Sahajeh meaning "only".

Let's say you want to ask where the toothpaste is, you could say Mana ubat gigi? (pronounced: Ma-na, u-baat, gee-gee) ubat meaning "medicine", and gigi meaning "teeth".

When you ask for things you can say Ada ubat gigi tak? (pronounced: A-da, u-baat, gi-gi, taak?), which translates to "Do you have toothpaste?". In this case, tak which commonly means "no", is used in the form of a question, the task at the end helps, with the understanding that you are asking a question that needs answering. 

Mozambique

 On the east coast of Southern Africa, and bordered by 6 other countries, those being: Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Eswatini, and their coast is the Indian Sea.

And nearby Comoros and Madagascar.

Divided into 10 provinces and their capital Maputo in the south of the country, and Maputo has the largest and only international airport, Maputo International, after Maputo the other two largest cities are Nampula and Beira along the coast.

But most of the seaports are in Maputo, Beira and Nacala.

Mozambique has three archipelagos. The: Qurimbas were in the north, Primeras in the south and Bazaruto a little more south than Primeras.

But they also own an Island, the Island of Mozambique which was first inhabited by the Swahilis, then a sultan which is where they got their name from the sultan being named Mussa Bin Bique.

Then the Portuguese came and made a naval base out of, strangely coral, the chapel of Nossa Senhora De Beluarte, which is confirmed to be the oldest European build structure in the southern hemisphere. 

Some interesting places to visit include:
The Heros Square, the Benguera Lodge, the historical Imhambane buildings, the abandoned Beira hotel, and the statue of Samora Machel in Maputo, the Lion house which lions apparently like going there.
Many beaches like Tofo beach and Ponta do Ouro.

Mozambique lies where the African plate meets the Somali plate, where the East African rift starts and ends.

Mozambique is generally flat with the highest peak, Mount Binga shared with Zimbabwe, then the largest lake is Malawi, shared with no shocker, Malawi.
But the Cahora Bassa reservoir is the largest inland lake and it is the 4th largest man-made lake in Africa created by the Cahora Bassa dam, which powers about 80% of the country on the Zambezi River.

Mozambique is a very biodiverse country, having 250 species of mammals and 740 species of birds.
These mammals range from "The Big 5" (lions, leopards, rhinos, buffalos, and elephants).

And the Nyala antelope and Aardwolf, and the national animal the African Elephant, poaching is a big problem here, being the illegal ivory trade from the elephant tusks. The most protected area is the Niassa Nature Reserve, which is badly maintained and unfortunately helps with the poaching problems.

Mozambique had to change a lot due to its civil wars. The country collapsed due to mismanagement, changing 1200 state-owned enterprises to private ones and adding a value-added tax system for goods and services.

Most of their debt is greatly reduced due to the IMF's Heavily in Indebted Poor Countries initiative.

Even though they have one of the highest GDP growths, they still rank as one of the least developed nations.

Fishing and agriculture are a vital part of most citizens' lives and makeup 80% of the workforce.
Exports include Aluminum, Lumber, Cotten, Prawns and Sugar, and Gas and Oil.

And focusing on Tourism with a high-quality volume plan which focuses on wealthy travellers with money to spend. 

If you look at most of the beach resorts in Mozambique they are lavish and highly ordained with decorations and flair. 

Most of the food is reminiscent of Portuguese, and strangely Arab influence. 
Some foods are Kanana, Matapa, Xiguinha, Collard greens, Galinha zambeziana, Piri-peri chicken, and Carapau which is the most eaten fish in Mozambique. And Xima (or Ugali). 

Strangely enough, they refer to themselves as a commonwealth, while never being inhabited by the British.

A population of 32.97 million people, and half the population is under 15, 99% of the population falls under the Bantu people group, and the other 1% are foreigners, usually Europeans.

The main Bantu groups have their own little territory in their country. The largest group the Makuhwa which lives in the north. And have interesting family ebony wood carvings. And they also have a stilt dance where they (obviously) dance while wearing stilts.
The Swahili live around the coast, 
The Shona Karanga live around the Zambezi valley.
And The Tsonga and Nuni live around the south.

The Mozambique Metical as their currency and types C, F, and N plug outlets and drive on the left side of the road.

Portuguese is the only government and media language spoken in Mozambique, however, it is considered a second language compared to the Bantu mother tongue.

Around 56% are Christian either Catholic or Protestant. 18% are Muslim. Before Portuguese colonization, the Arabs came in and set up ports around the coasts. 

Ngungunhane Gungunhana was the leader of the Gaza empire in southern Mozambique and was the nephew of Shaka Zulu.

The Capulana dress is a common garment worn by women.

Dancing is popular here as the Chopi people have dances normally depicting battle. The women on Mozambique island have a rope jumping dance. The Chewa people have the Gule Wamkulu which is a UNESCO as an oral and intangible heritage of humanity. 

History is interesting:
The San hunters and gatherers, the Bantu migration, the arab in Indian exploration, the arab slave trade era, Vasco de Gama shows up, and the Portuguese colonise for centuries, fighting for independence,  indipence in 1975, a new USSR communist party named FRELIMO takes over, the national resistance part takes over, civil war years, civil war ends in the 90s, joined in 1995 to the commonwealth of nations, and in 2015 Mozambique is considered landmine free.

Famous people from here are:
11:02

Physics pt. 9: Energy

 Kinetic energy is a type of energy that relies on mass and speed, to exist.

So let's say you roll on the ground a lightweight ball and a heavy ball, with the same force, the heavier one will roll faster since it has more mass. 

But if you roll the lighter ball with more force than the heavier one, the lighter one will move faster. 

The equation that we use is Ke = M* V^2
Ke means kinetic energy or kinetic energy is equal to Mass times Velocity squared.

Potential energy is energy that is stored in an object. And it has the potential to output that energy to say, Kinetic energy.

First is Gravitational Potential energy.
Let's take the earth for an example, lets put a yellow ball 50 feet in the sky, and another red ball 100 feet into the sky.
Which ball do you think will fall the fastest, well its the red ball because the red ball is further away and has more GPE or Gravitational Potential Energy 

The second is Elastic  Potential energy.
Let's use a rubber band as an example, if we pull on it, and when we let go, it will spring back to its normal position, but wait, why did it snap quickly and not slowly go back into shape, well Elastic Potential Energy. Another good example is a spring as when you compress a spring, it will try to "spring" back and cause the Elastic Potential energy, to happen.

Third is Electric Potential energy.
Which is an object that is electrically charged due to another charged object, which means that a positive charge and a negative charge is next to each other they attract. While two positive or two negative charges repel.

Forth and last one is Magnetic potential energy.
Magnetic potential energy is a type of energy that comes from the magnetic force of magnets, not only the position of the magnets matter (how near and how far they are). But also the orientation of the magnets affects the potential energy.

All these are potential energy. Potential energy, in summary, is an object's orientation, position, and the material it is made of. It is compared mainly using mass, size and shape.

Energy cannot just "disappear" as part of The Law of Conservation of Mass, "Matter is not created nor destroyed", so if one object loses its energy, another object but inherit that lost energy.

Energy can change forms, for example, if you were to use a blow dryer, it turns electrical energy into heat or thermal energy.
Or when a car speeds up too fast, the kinetic energy while driving is turned into thermal energy.
And when you hit the breaks on a bike, the breaks cause the wheels to stop and cause the tyres to produce heat because of kinetic energy and friction.

Quranic stories pt.17 by Sh Tariq Appleby

 Even if a deed is small and insignificant, it matters to Allah. As Allah knows all that is seen and unseen.

Allah will test you and will put you through turmoil. And he will show you many unenjoyable things. 

When you are seeking knowledge, do not take shortcuts. If you are really interested in seeking knowledge, then you take your notes, you look at them. Revise the notes.

Quranic stories pt.16 by Sh Tariq Appleby

 Luqman said to his son to pray and establish prayer. And encouraged his son to enjoy what is good and forbid evil. 

And he tells his son to be present when doing both. Enjoying what is good and forbidding evil. 

Do not turn your nose up to people and be arrogant and boastful. As Allah does not like that. 
Be humble and not full of pride.

Be moderate with pace, and lower your voice, as the ugliest voices are the baying of donkeys.

Also walk and speak without pride, as you can tell if someone is prideful in the way of walking, or speaking.

Quranic stories pt.15 by Sh Tariq Appleby

 Luqman was either a wise man.

Some say his occupation was a shepherd, carpenter and tailor.

One opinion was that He was an Abysian slave, or from Israel.

Wisdom and knowledge are different.
For example let's say there is an employee that doesn't arrive on time, to work.
The using knowledge is simple as the answer is to fire that employee.
But now let's say he's the best employee in the company, now it gets tougher as you need to consider that he is the best in his field. So instead you could say "You can arrive late, but, you must finish your work on time.

If someone has only bad deeds and no good deeds. It is still possible to be forgiven. But Shirk (associating partners other than Allah).  

Disbelief only harms the disbeliever.

Ismail's father was Ibrahim. And when Allah asked Ibrahim to sacrifice his son Ismail. And He said, "Go ahead and sacrifice me, father". And before Ibrahim was going to sacrifice his own son.

Luqman started by prohibiting his son from committing shirk.

Quranic stories pt.14 by Sh Tariq Appleby

You might be a place where people are openly sinning.

You might say "Why should I warn them of Allah's wrath, and the torment of hellfire?".

Well, one reason is that they might stop sinning for fear of Allah.
And our dakwah worked.

 Those who forbid evil and cherish good do not deserve punishment.

Those who do not speak out of sinners are not considered sinners themselves as long as you personally condone it is fine.
But if you speak out about it, you will be passed by Allah.

Quranic stories pt.13 by Sh Tariq Appleby

 If you say “I am going to do this tomorrow” you should say “Inshallah”.

Also, make an oath you can keep.

If you have a chance to good, then do it.

Continuing the story of the garden:

The brothers came up with the idea that they would keep the contents of the garden to themselves and not share it with anyone.

The sons cut the date trees at night to deprive the poor of dates in the morning. 

Then their garden got robbed who were sent by Allah to punish them.

Quranic stories pt.12 by Sh Tariq Appleby

 Indeed, We have tried them as We tried the companions of the garden when they swore to cut its fruit in the [early] morning.

Without making exception

So there came upon it [i.e., the garden] an affliction from your Lord while they were asleep.

And it became as though reaped

And they called one another in the morning,

[Saying], "Go early to your crop if you would cut the fruit."

So they set out, while lowering their voices,

[Saying], "There will surely not enter it today upon you [any] poor person."

And they went early in determination, [assuming themselves] able.

But when they saw it, they said, "Indeed, we are lost;

They said, "O woe to us; indeed we were transgressors.

Such is the punishment [of this world]. And the punishment of the Hereafter is greater, if they only knew.

Now once the father died, he would often feed the poor for free and they would come to his houses for food. and he passed he left behind three sons, and those sons did not follow in their father's footsteps of giving to the poor.

And the sons would take all the fruit from the plentiful garden, and not give it to the poor.

All things have consequences in this life or the next.

They made a conscious effort to not share the fruits with the poor.

Then Allah sent destruction on their garden, and when the sons saw their garden in ruins, they said

Quranic stories pt.11 by Sh Tariq Appleby

 Whoever says that Allah has a child or son, then he has slandered Allah.

Whoever abandons something for the sake of Allah, Allah will not desert them.

During the people of the cave, the people in the cave were sleeping, but they were moving, and Allah gave them enough sunlight to survive. And Allah made them move, and one reason might be that if you lie down too long, you get bedsores, and those bedsores hurt, so Allah moved them around.
Also, the dog that he youngsters (the people of the cave) were outside stretching and sleeping outside.

They also were moving so that the earth would not swallow them. And the Quran says: "And you would have thought they were awake, though they were asleep."

As an addon, since they were moving, if an animal were to come across them, they would not want to bother them, since they looked like they were awake.

When they woke up, they felt like they believed they only slept for a day, or a couple hours.

Malay: pt 9 Colours

 Colours, ah yes the world would be bland without colour.

Warna (pronounced: War-neh) meaning "Colour"

Warna-warni (pronounced: War-neh, war-nee) means "Colourful"

Perlangi (pronounced: Per-lang-gee) means "Rainbow"

Biru (pronounced: Bee-ru) means "Blue", so rasi biru, would translate to: "Blue rice".

Merah (pronounced: Meh-rah) means "Red", so saya suka saya merah bola, would translate to "I like my red ball", bola and suka (pronounced: bo-lah, and suu-ka).

Kuning (pronounced: kuu-ning) means "Yellow". 

Hijau (pronounced: Hee-jaau) means "Green"

Putih (pronounced: Pu-teh) means "White"

Hitam (pronounced: Hee-taam) means "Black"

Kelabu (pronounced: Ke-lah-boo) means "Grey"

Perang (pronounced: Pe-ra-ng) means "Brown"

Merah jambu (pronounced: Meh-rah, jaam-bu) means "Pink"

Oren (pronounced: O-ren) means "Orange"

Ungu (pronounced: Ung-gu) means "Purple"

Biru nila (pronounced: Bee-ru, nee-la) means "Indigo"

Gelap (pronounced: ge-lap) means "Dark"

Terang (pronounced: The-raang) meaning "Light".

Most of the time Gelap and Terang are used to describe the environment.
So, Bilik Terang (pronounced: Bee-lick) means "Bright room", usually from lamps and ceiling lights.
But it can also be used for lighter and darker colours like Boleh bagi warna Biru Gelap, which means "Can you give a darker blue".

If you want it darker you can say: ade lagi gelap?, meaning "Is there there a darker colour?" 

Quranic stories pt.10 by Sh Tariq Appleby

 The people of the cave:

The people of the cave are people who accepted Islam, but in doing so they had to leave the village that they hold dear.

And prayed to Allah for protection, also something of note, is that they worked to find hide, instead of praying "Please give us a place to hide". And stayed unhidden.

Once the people of their village found out that they converted to Islam, they got chased out of the city, and then they ran into a cave and tried to hide from the townspeople, the dog was left at the entrance to the cave. Allah told a spider to put a web at the entrance of the cave to hide from the villages.

The townspeople saw the spider web at the cave entrance and the dog and thought "They are not in this cave, as they would have had to break the web, and there is a dog there. We should not venture any further". And Allah made them sleep for hundreds of years. 
Allah put them to sleep and "resurrected" them after they fell asleep. As when you have

This verse is important, as it underlines the leaving for the sake of religion, and leaving their life behind.

Chemistry pt. 5: The Bohr model

Atoms, it is nearly impossible as you cannot see atoms due to your naked eye, so we use models to visualize these small atoms.

These models can be used to predict and explain the behaviour of atoms.
All models are simplified to a degree, either for simplicity, visibility or usability, if we were to make it more accurate it would be the real thing.

What is a circle with rings around it, those rings are commonly named "shells", they are for the electron atoms which are dots on the shellsand depending on how far the dots are from the centre circle, it means that the electron atom is different.
Something to keep in mind is that the first shells can only support 2 electron dots, and the others can only hold 2 as well.
It uses an N system as the first shell has a value of 1N, while the second has 2N, and then the third has 3N.

1N has 2 Electrons, 2N as 8. Do keep in mind that these are not the actual positions of electrons.

Some elections can only exist on certain energy levels, we use a system named EV or an energy level diagram, the diagram can show us what energy the election is at without needing to draw dots on the Bohr model. 
Let's say our imaginary atom has levels of 0ev, 4ev, 6ev and 7ev.
So in this situation, the election can only exist on the shell that has, 0ev, 4ev, 6ev and 7ev, and cannot exist in between energy levels as it cannot exist on say 4.7ev. And cannot exist on any other shell.

Let's say the atom starts at 0ev, or "The ground state".
How does an election go from the ground state to an even level?. First, a photon with 4ev must strike the election, and then the election will absorb the photon, thus causing the election to be removed from the ground state and instead on the EV level of 4ev.

Valence electrons are electrons that are highly important as it is the outermost shells of the atom, and an atom's outer shell is the most important in chemistry.
A full Valence shell has 8 electrons or 4 pairs.

Physics pt. 8: Electromagnets

One type of magnet is an Electromagnet, which is a magnet that only becomes magnetic when it is charged with electricity. They usee

Electromagnets are magnetic materials that become magnetic when an electrical current flows through them.

electrically charged particles in motion actually have small electrical currents in them. So if we run an electrical current through a wire, a magnetic field will created around the wire.

Now the strength of the magnetic field can be affected by multiple factors, can one, send more electricity through that wire, you can increase the density of the electrical particles, and you can do this by looping the wire into a coil, 
if you were to take the electrical wire and reverse the direction, the electromagnet would also change in direction.

The drastic difference between an electromagnet and a permanent magnet is that an electromagnetic is usually made out of an electrical wire and a coil.

Another difference is that you can change the North and South poles of a magnet, pick up a pile of metal scraps with the North side of the magnet, and then flip the electrical current to put the magnet on the South side and drop the scraps into a bin.

Another difference is that not only the poles can change to help attract and repel, but they can also change in strength, as you need much more magnetic pull to lift a metal crate, but much less to pick up a truck.

Most electromagnetics work with copper, cobalt or other minerals in a coil, and the more wires that coil has, the more powerful it is, so it increases charge density.

Quranic stories pt.9 by Sh Tariq Appleby

  The Story of Uzayr:

Or [consider such an example] as the one who passed by a township which had fallen into ruin. He said, "How will Allah bring this to life after its death?" So Allah caused him to die for a hundred years; then He revived him. He said, "How long have you remained?" He [the man] said, "I have remained a day or part of a day." He said, "Rather, you have remained one hundred years. Look at your food and your drink; it has not changed with time. And look at your donkey, and We will make you a sign for the people. And look at the bones [of this donkey] - how We raise them and then We cover them with flesh." And when it became clear to him, he said, "I know that Allah is over all things competent."

A man did not believe that Allah could bring people back from the dead, so Allah killed him, and 100 years later he was resurrected and Allah asked him “How long do you think you slept”, The Man said “Maybe an Hour”, Allah responded with “You have been dead for 100 years, look at your donkey which is now a pile of bones. And your food has not spoiled”.

• There are two options, Jerusalem when Bbukhtanssar was destroyed. And as stated by Walb, Qtadah, and Rabee’ah ibn Anas. The second option is that it is the village of which thousands went out fearing death. This was mentioned by Ibn Zaid, who mentions there of objects passed by it:

• It is permissible to example the slave of this knowledge, for Allah, may He be glorified, says. “How long did you stay”.

• It is permissible to inform a person of what is beyond his estimation, as Allah says “ The man said, ‘I have remained a day or part of a day, ‘ although he had stated for a hundred years.”

It is appropriate to contemplate what Allah has created and innovated in the universe because that increases faith as this is a sign among the signs of Allah as in His saying, “So observe”

The Quran must be said and written as it was written by Allah.

One should not concern themselves with the specific individuals in the story, if it was significant then Allah would have said so.

The term village can refer to dwellings or could be a community which has fallen into ruins upon its roofs. The abandonment of the village indicates  their destruction.

When a person excused but does not doubt Allah’s ability of it, but do you disbelieve it? THis is exemplified by the man who passed by the village and questioned, “How will Allah bring this back after its death?

• Allah may favor his servant by showing theme signs that increase their certainly, as Allah says. “So obbseve your  food”.

• The power of Allah exceeds the natural course of events as evidence by the fact that this food and drink remained unchanged for 100 years.

If you are reading the Quran and you are understanding the meaning behind the words.

Allah provides experiences for His servants to server as lessons for others, As Allah says, “And We will make you sign for the people”.

Allah made flesh cling closely to bones, this arrangement protects them bones from breaking and harm, as bone damage is more severe than flesh.

Quranic stories pt.8 by Sh Tariq Appleby

 But the one who had knowledge of the Scrptute said” I can bring it to you in the blink of an eye, “So when Solaiman saw it place before him, he exclaimed, “This is by the grace of my Lord to test me whether I am grateful or ungrateful. And whoever is grateful. It is only for the good.  But whoever is ungrated surely my Lord is Self-Sufficent, Most generous.

Then Sulaiman said’, “Disguise her throne for he so we may see whether she will recognise ‘it’ or she will be able to.

 When she arrived, it was said to ‘her’, “Is your throne like this?” She replied, “It looks to be the same. We have ‘already’ received knowledge of Sulaiman’s Prophethood’ before this miracle and have summited to Allah.

But she had been hindered by what she used to worship instead of Allah, for he was indeed from a disbelieving people.

Then she was told, “Enter the palace. “ But when she saw the hall, she thought it was a body of water so she bared her legs. Sulaiman aid. “It is just a place paved with crystal. “At last she declared. “My lord I haven certain wrong my soul. Now I ‘fully’ submit myself along with Sulaiman to Allah, the lord of all worlds.

This is why the Queen believed that Sulaiman was a Prophet, becausee  material wealth can be a form of Dakwah.

Another story is that.

The people of Sheba had

Allah has previously blessed the people of Sheba by placing apparent, interconnected villages between them and the Belssees sites of Sham.  He made travelling between these villages easy and free trave. He told them to travel between their land and Sham for days and nights without fear. However, they asked Allah to make their journeys far away. They wrong themselves by being ungrateful for Allah’s blessings. As a result, Allah has made them subject of thanks and source

But they turned away [refusing], so We sent upon them the flood of the dam, and We replaced their two [fields of] gardens with gardens of bitter fruit, tamarisks and something of sparse lote trees.

We also had a place between them the cities.  We showed with blessings ‘many small towns without a sigh of one another. And we set moderate travel distances in between, ‘using’ “Travel between them by day and night safely.

 They were blessed with safe travel between cities and many villages to restock resupply and rest.
Then they prayed that they have fewer stops, and longer travel times between them. So Allah put fewer houses and villages

Quranic stories pt.7 by Sh Tariq Appleby

 The shaitan made their deeds seem attractive to them and barred them from the right way.

Shaitans embellishment of those deeds in one of Shaitan’s weapons.

In my last blog post about this, I said that the Prophet Sulaiman was asking the hoopoe bird about the information, confirming that it is correct and a true statement.

Prophet Sulaiman also said to send a letter to see how they respond.

The Queen ‘later’ announced, “O chiefs Indeed a noble letter has been delivered to me”.

It is from Sulaiman and it reads. “In the Nama of Allah- the Most Compassionate, Most merciful.

It is speculated that he started with بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ ا“لرَّحِيْمِ”

Do not be arrogant with me, but come to me,l fully summiting ‘to Allah’.

She said, “O chiefs! Advise me in these matters of mine, for I would never make any decisions without you”. 

They responded, “We are a people of strength and great ‘military’ might, but the decision yours do decide.

She reasoned, “Indeed, when kings invade a land, they ruin and debase its nobbles, they really do so!

But I will certainly send him a gift and see what ‘response’ my envoys will return with”.

When the chief envoy came to him, he said, “Do you offer me wealth? What Allah has granted me is far greater than what He has granted you. No, it is you who rejoice in ‘receiving’ gifts.

Go back to them, for we will certainly mobilize against them forces which they can never resist, and we will drive them out from there in disgrace, fully humbled.

Even when she is the Queen, with the utmost power and authority, she still asks others for their opinion on her matter, for another point of view.

Sulaiman asked, “Oh chiefs Which of you can bring me her throne before they come to me in full submission?”

One mighty jinn responds, “I can bring it to you before you rise from this council of yours. And I am quite strong and trustworthy for his task.

Quranic stories pt.6 by Sh Tariq Appleby

 The Prophet was inspecting birds and one of the birds that were not there was the Hoopoe bird.

• The first issue: the Hoopoe bird has knowledge knowledge that Prophet Sulaiam does not possess. 

• 
  The Hoopoe knows Sheba and the certainty of the news from there

• The third issue is his awareness of the women's leadership over them while denying it to them.

• 
  The fourth issue is His understanding of the worldly possessions given by Sheba from various sources.

• 
  The fifth issue was the recognition of the Great Throne

• The sixth issue was: His realisation of their prostration to the sun beside Allah.

• The seventh issue was: His understanding that they are assisoating partners other than Allah.

• The eighth issue: This was Satan's adornment for their deeds

• The ninth issue: His understanding that is this straying from the straight path

• The tenth issue: His knowledge that they are not rightly guided
  
  

The Prophet was conversing with this bird,

‘One day’ He inspected the birds, and wondered, “Why could I not see the hoopoe? Or could he be absent?

I will surely subject him to severe punishments, ‘even’ slaughter him, unless he brings me a compelling excuse.

The prophet was inspecting the birds, and one of the birds was a Hoopoe.

 Indeed, I found a woman ruling over the., who has been given everything ‘she needs’, and who has a magnificent throne. 

Solomon said, “We will see whether you are telling the truth or lying”.

In this case, he is referring to the Hoopoe.

Go with this letter of mine, and deliver it to them, then stand aside and see how they will respond. 

1- Allah almighty says, “And [once] he [sulaiman]

 Inspected the birds and said, “How is it that I do not see the hoopoe? Or is he absent?”,. This inspection is a lesson for kings and leaders inspecting their troops, understanding their affairs, and confronting those who violate either condition even if it means denying what they desire. This verse is evidence for the Leader to inspect the condition of this stucjeectaan to preserve them. Look at how Sulaiman did not overlook the hoopoe despite its insignificance and small size. It is the right of the subjects upon their leader to inspect and know their conditions. He is responsible for both major and minor matters, involving himself as much as possible, and employing men to be informed of what he cannot directly oversee. Expect and trustworthy individuals are delegated to inspect the inspection until the conditions of conditions are known directly to those entrusted with them. Thus, Sulaiman despite his great kingdom, vast army numerous followers, personnel undertook to inspect and did not neglect the hope despite its smallness and insignificance in location, Umar Ibin-Alkattab used to say, “If a goat were to die on the banks of the Euphrates, I would feat being asked about it.” This instant and awareness are incumbent upon every leader in nations, groups families companionships, and all who have a responsibility over others.

In His statement: “I have encompassed [in knowladg]

 Something that you have not encompassed, and I have come to you from Saba’ with accurate news”, using the plural pronoun of the respect address is not obligatory nor is it a feature of the each of prophets and predecessors when someone is respected, is it necessary for prophets and presses or says, “ I have to you all