Filtration, Evaporation & Crystallization

We can separate soluble and insoluble solids from liquids, by using Filters, Evaporation and Crystallization.

First, an insoluble solid is something like sand in water, since it doesn't dissolve is it is a mixture while if we have a liquid and put something soluble like sugar it will dissolve and it is called a solution the sugar being the solute and the water being solvent. 

Filters are usually used in cooking by using a sifter, but in chemistry, we use something called filter paper, which is paper with very small holes in it.
The holes in filter paper are so small that only water can pass through and most solids can't, even individual grains of salt or sugar to sand can't pass through.
Normally we cover a funnel with filter paper so we can easily pour water into the funnel and the filter paper filters it for us. 

A Solution is when there's a soluble solid, that mixes into a liquid, like salt, but if we want to separate the liquid and solid we have to use Evaporation because we can't use filter paper since the salt is already mixed with the water.

So if we want to extract sea salt, first we must put the seawater into a suspended dish, and then we heat up the liquid inside with fire or a bunsen burner, after a while you will notice that the water evaporates and what is left are crystals, in this case salt crystals.
One thing that's good about using evaporation is that it is a relatively fast way to remove the liquid from the solid.

Some solids will decompose when heated up, the heat causing the solid that we want from the evaporation process to be broken down into something that we don't really want.

For solids that we want to separate from liquids, but don't want to be broken down and decompose, we have to use a slower method named Crystallization, once again we must take the liquid and heat it up in a dish, but time we must make sure to heat it up more gently instead of quickly.
Instead of letting the crystals form and continuing to let the liquid heat up and decompose the solid that we want. We stop heating it after crystals form, and let it aside to cool, an more crystals will form because solids are less soluble at colder temperatures. 
Finally, we can use a funnel covered by filter paper and pour the liquid with crystal in it, filtering it and giving us the solid we need from the liquid.