Nepal

Nepal and India have a large dispute on where Buddha (the person), was born because Nepal says Lumbini which is in Nepal but India says that Buddha grew up in Kapilavatsu for the first 29 years of his life which they argue is in Piprahwa which is half a mile or 800+ from the Nepali border, then the Nepali people argue that Kapliavatsu is in modern-day Tilaurakot. Then the Indian's argue that it was during the Mahajanapada area when Nepal wasn't even established as a country.

The most common things people know about Nepal are: Sherpas and Mount Everest the tallest mountain in the world claiming hundreds of lives to those who climb it.

Geographically they are sandwiched between China and India and contained to the Himalayan mountain range, the country is split into 7 provinces but strangely only 3 have names those being: Province 1, Madhesh Pradesh, Bagmati Province, Gandaki, Lumbini, Karnali and Sudurpaschim.
Originally the country was split into 14 zones that are still used for license plates.

The capital Kathmandu located in Province 3 or the Bagmati province, the largest and busiest airport is Kathmandu's Tribhuvan International, but due to tourism, they have made 3 other airports those being: Nji-Gadn, Pokhara and Gautama Buddha Airport.

Oh, and they also have the most dangerous runway in the world which is Lukla airport which drives off a cliffside, so if you don't build enough speed to fly you plummet downwards.

Also, they act sorta like a buffer between the two giants India and China, this comes with its pros and cons, and one of the pros is that they are basically surrounded by two large countries. And since they are basically surrounded by these two countries Nepal is one of the very few countries to never be colonised, they were definitely influenced and invaded, but never fully colonised by external peoples.
Since they were never colonised the land transport is unique, they have roads heading into both China and India, but to go into Kathmandu you have to go to the heart of the mountain so you only have a few highways to get there like the H02 highway from India and the H03 which goes into Zhangmu-Zhen in Tibet China.

There is a disputed territory in Nepal which is the Kalapani territory, it was a byproduct of the 1962 border war between India and China.

Interesting places to visit are The Annapurna National History Museum, Narayanhiti Palace, Pokhara (basically the tourism capital), Chitwan, Tiger tops and Elephant Polo fields, the Toothache Tree, the Aviation Museum, religious sites like Pashupatinath, Manakamanab, Budanikanth, Muktinath, Rincheling Gompa, The Ronbuk Monastery, Lumbini (the arguable birthplace of Buddha, and the Boudanath Stupa. 

Nepal is located at the start of the Himalayan Mountain range, the tallest mountain range in the world it was caused by the Indian tectonic plates colliding with the Eurasian plate and the collisions are still happening meaning that the Himalayas are getting taller by 6.1 or 2.4 inches a year. 

The tallest mountain in Nepal is...Mount Everest is nearly 9000 meters high or 9km tall and has 8 of the tallest mountains in the world just in the mountain range itself. Since the technotic plates are active the country is subjected to Earthquakes the strongest being a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in 2015, along with that it triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest killing 21 people. 

The country has 3 regions, the Himalayan mountain range, the Pahad which is below the mountains which doesn't get snow and has fertile land and rivers, lastly the Terei the lowest part of Nepal located in the greater Gangetic plain that extends to northern Bangladesh and India.
The lowest point is Kechana Kalan 70m above sea level, China this makes Nepal one of the countries with a large amount of elevation changes, the Kechana Kalan area is the most fertile which is where most of the agriculture is grown. 

The largest river is the Ghaghara which is found in the west and the largest lake is the Rara, but still, the Baghmati River runs through Kathmandu and the Gandak River has the largest Hydroelectric dam, while the Koshi River supplies most of the water to the lower parts of Nepal in the east.

Nepal does struggle with their living index of animals they are still a heavily agrarian society with nearly 65% of the population in agriculture, and half of the development funds come from foreign aid from other countries. Their exports largely are textiles, clothing and carpets. 

They are trying to use the tourism sector of visitors to their advantage normally through tours and guides through the mountains with obviously Mount Everest. Being the most expensive.

When you want to go up Mount Everest you have multiple choices for agencies for travelling up. The Western ones will be pretty pricy up to 45,000+ USD per person, the Nepali agencies being cheaper but a language barrier might exist, but the 25,000+ is much cheaper than the Western agencies. You can also just hire a helicopter to fly up but only one person has ever done that being Didier Delsale from France but it is incredibly dangerous.  

Around 40% is forested with 9 national parks and 3 wildlife reserves. 
The national animal is the cow with the Hindu population of Nepal regards them as sacred animals, many are vegetarian or eat chicken or fish. 

Some popular foods here are: Dhindo, Gundruk, Daal Bhat Tarkari, Thakali Khana set, Choila, Kachila, Chatamari, Nepali pani puri, Nepali Aloo Chana, Laphing, and Momo dumplings. 

Nepal has over 120 Ethno-linguistic groups, with a population of around 30 million people with over 2 million working abroad usually in the Middle East. With the Chhettri being around 17%, Brahman-hill at 12%, Magar at 7, and the Tharu at 7% also, the rest 57% is made out of other groups.

They use the Nepali rupee, which is pegged to the Indian rupee, type C, D and M plug outlets and they drive on the left side of the road.

With over 120 people, most speak Nepali which is sorta of a cousin to Hindi which is spoken by roughly 45% of the population. But English is still used in government as a bridge because not everyone speaks Nepali. 

Around 81% of the population is Hindu, even at 10% which is considered a minority Nepal takes Buddhism very seriously.

Most belong to the 7 "Family" groups, the mountainous Bhoti, Sherpa and Thakali at the Himalayan zones, the Gurung people usually serve in the Nepali military under the Gurkhas.
Then the Kirani, Rai and Limbu people in the east, similar to the Bhutanese and Sikkim, with 3/5ths of the population the Pahari people are the most widespread around Nepal, they are very focused on agriculture and having amazing textiles. 
The Tamang are about 40 clans scattered throughout Nepal and are extremely Bhudhist.
Then the Tharu people in the south, are generally immune to malaria due to their Thalassemic blood which is inherited which is a blood disorder.

The "Original" Nepali are probably the Newar people found in pockets around Nepal but mostly in cities. They are considered to be the most advanced in economics, politics and society. 

Many Nepali follow a Tantric tradition that requires 5 animals for a ritual sacrifice: water buffalo, goats, ducks, and chicken, but they must be male.
The Himalayas are considered to be the "Abode of Lord Shiva", and every town has a Jatra which is a celebration of their main god or goddess which a statue of their god/goddess is paraded around the town. Along with a 15-day celebration of Dashain.
As well as the Kumari which are young girls treated like goddesses until they reach puberty. 

The short history is: The Kathmandu neolithic age, Nepal being spoken about in the Vedic Hindu texts, the Kirati kings period, the small kingdoms and clans, Siddharta Gautama, vassal states under the Maurya and Gupta empires, Prithvi Narayan Shah put together modern-day Nepal, the Angolo Nepali war, the Treaty of Saguali, the Kot massacre, slavery abloshed in 1924, royal family drama, the 2001 royal massacre, King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev steps down as king ending Nepal's title as the last Hindu kingdom in the world.