Grammar ep: 26 Irony

 Ah, Irony is a very complicated part of the English language, the rough definition is: "The difference between the expected and result".

For example, Dramatic Irony is when there is an unevenly distributed amount of awareness on the subject, for example:

Let's take a toddler, who greatly dislikes Brussels sprouts (mind you I the writer personally like Brussels sprouts), but he's never seen any, as he has only heard about it from his friends and they say it tastes horrible (I the writer says it tastes great this kid just hate veggies for some reason).
But his parents have given him Brussels sprouts as a side dish for dinner, so he doesn't know that he is currently eating Brussels sprouts, even though he has said multiple times he dislikes them.
Thus this is called Dramatic Irony.

The second form of Irony is Situational Irony, for example:
Let's say there's a husband and wife, and they want to buy something very nice for each other, so since they both don't have much money to buy extravagant gifts, they both sell something to make some extra cash to buy said gift for their spouse, the wife sell her favourite T-shirt and buys the husband a new strap for his watch.
The husband went to the shop and sold his watch to buy his wife a new patch for a small hole in his wife's favourite shirt.
After they give their gift, they notice that both gifts are practically useless, as the patch is only for the shirt with a hole, and the watch strap is only useful on a watch.
This is situational Irony. 

The third kind of Irony is verbal Irony, for example:

Let's take sarcasm as an example, let's say I lost my toy truck and you ask me how I am after losing my truck if I wanted to respond with sarcasm I would say "Oh yeah, I am alright, never better". If I wasn't being sarcastic I would say: "I feel terrible and deeply saddened since I lost my toy truck.

Now let's say my foot got crushed by a heavy stone, if you wanted to make it into a pun you would say: "I really feel flat today".

Grammar ep: 25 Under Over statement

Under and overstating something can vastly affect how the sentence is read, for example:
"You stole my toy, made a mess in my room, broke my favourite chair and didn't clean up anything, I am slightly annoyed".

Now for an overstatement: "I got a B in maths, my life is over, my career is gone". That's an overstatement, also known as hyperbole (pronounced: hyper boo-lee) which is a very exaggerated sentence.

Exxageratting sentences can make your sentences more dramatic and emotional.

Grammer ep: 24 formality

 Formality is a spectrum of words that can be formal (extravagant) or informal (lots) so there are many ways to use said words in sentences to craft a more exceedingly well-written sentence.

So these are examples (All the Italicied words will be more formal words, and those words in brackets are words that also fit in the sentence):

this is an informal sentence: "You are invited to Jimmy's birthday party full of cakes, treats, and games".

For a more complex and formal sentence: "Please attend (joining) the skydiving expedition celebration, meant for those who strive (want) for a high adrenaline (fun) experience, while plummeting (falling), jumping off an aeroplane soaring (flying) at 10,000 feet in the sky".

Notice the difference in tone, words and emphasis. When figuring out the formality of your vocabulary you must use in a sentence, you must first figure out what situation you are in, for a more informal way of writing you would say more: slang words, profanity, and in general silly words, for example: "Hey buddy hows life"
but a more formal way would be: "How has your day been sir".

While in a more formal setting (emails, business stuff), you would add more words that are more complex or more respectful, like for an unformal message to a friend you could say: "I can't go to the park today",
but a more formal email and/or message to a boss or coworker would be: "I can not attend this week's meeting, due to my busy schedule".

Grammer ep: 23 alliteration, assonance, and onomatopoeia

 These are all words that relate to how language sounds:

Alliteration is when words have the same starting consonant, for example: "Sam was Suzie's Sister, for example, all these words start with the letter "S".

Assonance is for words with vowels (A, E, I, O, U): "An Antelope Ate An Apple", notice how they are all using words with vowels.

onomatopoeia are words that sound like a sound affect, for example: "The bees buzzed", "zzzz", the onomatopoeia is the buzzing sounds, like "Bang" for explosions, "Clang" for pots, and mainly all the sounds that are not words, are turned into onomatopoeia's.

Grammer ep: 22 Confused words

Accept and except:

Some words in the English language sound the same but have completely different meanings, the words "hear" and "here", are similar sounding, as well as "accept" and "except". 

The word "hear," commonly refers to hearing noises, for example: "I hear a train going long its track", compared to the word "here" which normally means closeness, "I am here at the bus stop".

While the words accept and except have the same sound they too have different meanings:
"I accept the gifts with open arms", and except can be used with or as a substitute for the word but as: "I like this dinner except for the veggies".

There, their, and they're:

There, their and they're, are also very confusing as they sound completely the same, but they have their separate use cases:

You can use there as a locator verb "There is the rabbit that keeps eating my carrots",

their is a possessive objective that can be used as a form of ownership, "It's their toy, don't try and snatch it",

and they're is even more complicated, but it is a shortened form of they are: "They're not home right now so put the mail in the mailbox"

Grammer ep: 22 Affect and Effect

Affect is a verb that means "to impact" or "to influence" "The loud noise affected the golfer's backswing." Effect is a noun that means "result" or "consequence". For example: "The effect was the water was spewing from the fountain"

The effect can also be used as a "result", for example: "The drought had an Effect on Suzie's crops".

And it can be used as: "Her crops were Affected immensely".

Effect is used as a way of saying "change". 

Another example is: "The tax increase affected her monthly income"

Note: Both "effect" and "effect" have other definitions, but these are the ones that people usually mix up.

Grammer ep: 21 Fragments / Run-ons and comma splices

 Fragments don't tell the whole story for example:
"John went to buy marshmallows 4 years ago".  

But a fragment would be "Buy marshmellos".

Now for Run-ons and comma splices:

Comma splices are for separating sentences without punctuation for expensive:

"We bough cookies, and cakes for tea-time". 

Grammer ep: 20 Pronoun-antecedent

Let's take a word: "Peter took his bike to the park, and he rode the swings."

Notice how instead of saying Peter, you can say he since we established that Peter is a guy. 

Now let's take: "The cats ate all the food".

How would we do this since it refers to multiple is: "The cats ate all the food, and they left no trace".

Grammer ep: 19 Phrase and clauses

 A subject is a noun that is doing the action, and a predicate is something that is the rest of the sentence that is not the subject

 A phrase is not a full sentence, as they don't have subject and verb, for example:
"My best friend", "My green T-shirt".

A clause has a subject and a verb, clauses can also be a sentence 

Grammer ep: 18 Sentances and Exclamations

 There are three types of sentences: A declarative sentence, which declares a Statement, or a fact, for example: "I am not old".

Next is the: Interrogate, which is for example: "What are you doing", or "How is your day".

Then there is the: Impredetive sentence used for commanding, for example: "Do the dishes now", or "Follow that car".

Exclamations are for strong emotions and for volume (sound volume) for example: "That stick is sharp!", or "Do not play with the fire poker!".

"The car going to hit my red ball!". 

Normally one or two exclamation marks are needed.

Grammer ep: 17 Ellipses

 Ellipses are the three dots after a word normally for indicating a pause in speech.

For example: "Oh my...cats gone".
It can also be used to add more depth to writing, for example: "I see you don't like...The door".

Grammer ep: 16 Hyphens

 So when do you use Hyphens, are they for connecting words.

Like if you want to say: "The walls are yellow-green". 

Or you could say: "I like deep-fried fish".

Grammer ep: 15 Dashes

 Dashes have four uses, one to  mark interruptions in a sentence for example:

"I ran to the bus stop - but it left already".

Dashes can also work as parentheses, for example:
"The train- was bigger than the car".

You  can also use  them as colons, for example:
"I want one thing - SNACKS".

You can also use it as interruptions  in speech, for example:
"Watch out for the - BAM".

Grammer ep: 14 Italics and underlining

Aldus Manutius, the creator of  the typeface italics,

There are mainly two uses for italics, Emphasis and Titling.
For example: "That's one big apple", and for titling  "The measly duck". 

The underline is basically the same as the italics but easier to handwrite the word and underline the word.

Grammer ep: 13 Semicolon

 The semicolon is that it is a  rarely used letter in the alphabet is because it is most of the time not necessary, but in programming the semicolon ; is very useful for ending code.

Also, you can use it for complicated lists for example:
"I enjoy corn; peanuts; coconut milk and apples."

 

Grammer ep: 12 Colon

 A colon can be used for answering a question:
for example "My favorite food is apple pie".

Also, you can use them in a list for example: "An apple, a duck, a chicken".

And You can also do "My friend: Mark told me to clean my room".

 You can also use a colon for emphasis for example:
"Do not go in the tunnel: without a flashlight".

"I cannot sleep: I drank too much coffee".

You can also use the colon as a separator for example:
"The time is 10:30pm". Notice how it is separated by a colon and it separates the hour and the minutes.

another way is "the book is: basic cooking".

Its vs It's Grammer ep: 11

 Its and It's have very different uses.

It is a shortened version of "it is", for example: "It's a wonderful day today".

Its is used as a possessive, for example, "Its been so long since I had burgers", or "I like the cheese because it's delicious"

Grammar ep: 10 The Possessive

 Using 's o also known as an apostrophe is a way to own something.

For example: "That's my sister's cat".

But if you use pronouns, like his, her, ours, or theirs, you don't have to put a 's.
Like "It's his toy, not yours."

Plural possession is a little bit more complicated. Instead of saying "The dog's bones", you would say "The Dogs' bones".

Grammar ep: 9 The Comma

 The comma is used to separate sentences to make reading more legible.

The comma can also be used as a way to question people:
"Emma, did you eat the grapes?".

Or "You don't like peas, do you?".

The comma can also address people: "Felix, please pass the butter" or to address houses.

"Dear Mrs Stone, your lawn is unkempt".

Another way to answer a yes or no question:
such as "Yes, I would like the pie".

Appositives are for clarifying or redefining nouns, for example:

"My favourite food is fried rice".
"My cat is named, Klein".

Grammar ep: 9 The Apostrophe

The apostrophe is used as a way to contradict such as:

"I did not" to, "I didn't".

The apostrophe can be used to claim ownership of an item, for example: "It is Andy's toy", also it can be used as a very rare way of doing a plural, for example: "Book's" instead of "Books".