There are 3 states of matter: Solid, Liquid, and Gas. There is a theory named 'kinetic' or 'Particle theory' that explains these materials or particles are depicted as inelastic small balls.
For solids, the particles in a solid have a lot of attraction so that they don't get pulled apart easily. These particles can vibrate, but because of their strong attraction to each other, the particles are in a fixed position and don't move.
But if we heat the solid up, it causes the particles inside the solid to vibrate quickly, causing them to reach their melting point, and then they break free of their bonds to turn into a liquid, which has very weak bonds between its particles and has the property of being able to change its shape to fit its container.
If we keep heating the liquid up, the particles' bonds will keep decreasing until there is no strength in the bonds and causing the liquid to turn into a gas.
These gases are strange because, since the bonds are very weak, the gas can occupy any container you put it in.
But if we heat up the gas in its container, it can either do one of two things. For example, if we use a balloon, it will expand the container, but if we use something rigid or fixed, like a metal can, it will cause the heat to build up into pressure.
If we cool the liquid, the weak forms of attraction will cause the bonds to be fixed in place, and if we cool it enough, it can cause the liquid to freeze.
If we are in a closed system, the change in states of matter will affect its density since the different states have different densities, but the mass stays constant as it is the same number of particles
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