Acceleration

Acceleration is the speed gained over time; for example, a sports car is significantly faster than a normal car due to its enhanced acceleration.

The calculation is the change in Velocity divided by Time. The standard way of writing it is m/s, or meters per second.
If we simplify it, is it m/s^2 or meters per second squared, something to keep in mind is that both velocity and acceleration are different, as if we take a car and drive it on a road, and take photos every second and overlay them together, it looks like the car is getting further and further away each photo. 

This is an accurate depiction of what acceleration looks like. This style of diagram is named 'the oil-drop diagram' because it looks like an oil drop.

Another thing to keep in mind is that velocity is a vector, meaning it has a direction associated with it, indicating the direction in which the object is moving.
But if the object is slowing down instead of speeding up, then it is decelerating.

Position, Velocity, and Speed

 Position is a location, using references as a scale on where it is, if we were to put a toy car on a road, we don't really know where it is, but if we put say, a pole on it's left, then we can use the pole as 0, and any number afteer is is positive and any number before it is negitive. 

Location is a "vector", which is a direction of travel. 
If the car were to move, say 225 meters in 3 seconds, and it started at 10 meters, what would be the formula for it? First, we need to know the distance, which is a simple minus 25-10, which gives us 15.
Second, we need to have another value, which is something called velocity, meaning how fast something is going. We know that it travelled 15m in 3 seconds,  so we take the 15 and divide it by 3, which gives us '5'. So it we can confidently say that the car travelled 5m/s or 5 meters per second.

Now we can discuss speed, which is how fast an object is moving. Speed is the distance divided by time, which in this question is 15/3, which gives us 5m/s. 
Keep in mind that these equations are applicable when the object is moving at a constant rate. However, if the object is slowing down or speeding up, they depict the average speed of the object. 

One thing to keep in mind is that speed is just a value; it doesn't matter what direction the object is travelling, it only matters how fast. While distance is for calulating 'distance' and is for when it is travelling back and forth with positive and negative positions. 

Components

Components are used in circuits for electricity to flow, and we write these components via symbols.

Firstly, we write multiple vertical lines to depict a Cell or Battery, which powers the circuit.

Wires are written as lines and normally straight, and they carry the current throughout the circuit.

A Fuse is a rectangle with a wire running through it. Its purpose is to prevent the device from being overloaded. When too much power flows through the circuit, the fuse breaks, cutting power.

For switches, it will look like two circles connected via a short line between them, when the line is connected it means the current can flow, but when the switch's line isn't it means the current can't flow.

Then a Diode is a component that only allows current to flow a certain way, a form of diode is a Light Admitting Diode or LED, which lights up when electricity flows through it.

Now, for measuring current, we have Ammeters, which are put in series or connected through the circuit, and Volumeters, which are used for measuring potential difference and are  added in parallel, usually outside the circuit.

Lastly, we have resistors, which 'resist' the current to a specified amount, certain components can only function at certain amounts of electricity, if we put too much power into a component it might fry the circuits and the components might smoke or catch on fire, for example, when you charge your phone, it has resistors in the plug to not take too much power so that the internals don't fry.
Along with normal basic resistors, there are also variable resistors that can be modified so that they resist more or less current based on the situation.

Light-dependent resistors use light as a way of varying the amount of resistance, if you put them in a bright environment will resist a lot less than in a dark one as the darker it gets the more they will resist an application many people use these LDR's is in automatic nightlights which turn on when the lights in the room are off.

Thermistors use heat to vary the resistance so the more heat the less resistant the resistor becomes, and the colder it gets the more resistant it becomes.

Highschool Physics pt. 2: Distance and displacement introduction

 Let's take a sheep, a small innocent sheep, and let's watch as it follows and eats the grass. And let's watch it as it travels 10km east, and 5km south, and then another 10km west.

Now depending on how you interpret the movement of the sheep, there are two reasonable answers, one is it's "Distance Traveled", to do this equation it is 10km + 5km + 10km, which would be 25km. As you are adding all the numbers together.

Now if you wanted to find the "Displacement", the 10km east, and the 10km, west would cancel out. And that would leave the sheep 5km south from where it started. 

Ok what about a number line, lets say an orange, starts off at 0, and rolls to point 2, so that's a +2 to the right, and then lets say it rolls -3 to the left, and another -1 to the left. 
So for distance travel, you are going to add all the number up, reguardless of the minus or plus, so the distance travelled is 6 (2+1+3). 
But what happens if you want to find displacement well then the answer is -2 (0+2-1-3). 

Highschool Physics pt. 1: Foundational Physics

 The main "Foundational thinkers" of physics are Isaac Newton, Max Planck, and Albert Einstein. 

When you start learning Physics, you are studying how Newton understood it, he developed the law of gravity, Newton's law.

Down the line, we will learn about tiny things, and Max Planck will teach about Quantum Mechanics. Albert Einstein will teach about the speed of light, and that nothing can travel faster than it.

And we start realizing that the universe is bigger than we could ever imagine. 

Physics can be intimidating, as math is necessary, as Algrabra, Trigonometry, and Pythagorean theorem, are necessary. But is not 100% required, as you can still do physics calculations, but it might be strange or confusing without the basic principles.

Now let's talk about Vectors and Scalars, a vector is something that has a magnitude or a size and has a direction. While a scalar only has a magnitude or size.  
I will explain, that let's take a brick on the ground and move it 5 meters to the right, this is a scalar because you only know the size of the movement. 
But if you were to use a vector, you would say the 5 meters, and you would say to the right, as you gave it a distance or "displacement".
To recap, distance is a scalar quantity, while displacement is a vector quantity. 

Vectors can also be used to explain the speed or velocity of an object. Let's say you time the brick travelling 5 meters. And lets say you took 2 second to move the brick 5 meters. to calculate the speed you are traveling. You do the 5 meters divided by time. so 5/2, 5 for the distance, and 2 for speed. and after you do 5/2, you get 2.5 m/s or 2.5 meters per second. I don't see a direction here, but it shows no direction so it is a scalar quantity.

So if you are talking about change in position and specify the change in position with a direction that's displacement, if you don't specify the direction that's distance, and if you specify the direction and speed that velocity, and if you don't give a direction you are talking about speed.