Physics pt. 10: Waves

If you would take a rope and tie it to a pole jutting out of the ground.
Grab the other end and move it up and down, you will notice it waves up and down performing a waving motion, a wave is a disturbance, which can probate.

A mechanical wave is a type of wave that travels through a medium in this case it is the rope, and something to keep in mind is that waves transfer energy but not transfer matter.

Now what does that mean?.
It means that the moving of the rope is moving the rope as it is transferring energy. While it's not moving the ropes position as it is still attached to the pole. 
As the kinetic energy of your hand moves the rope causes it to move.

The period in a wave is measured in seconds and tells us how long each wave cycle takes to complete. 
Next is the wavelength, which as the name suggests the difference in distance between adjacent waves.

To calculate this, you would do an equation that looks like this: Frequency = Cycles/s = hz. 
Or the frequency is wave cycles divided by seconds. To get speed you would calculate distance * time. 

Different types of waves move at different speeds. For example, lightning is a form of wave that has two "Waves", the 1st wave uses the bright flash of lightning, and the second wave is the thunder that accompanies the lightning. Both are waves.
The reason why you see the bright light faster is because it is an electromagnetic wave, which is light, which travels faster than sound.
Electromagnetic waves are special as they don't need a medium to travel fast, that's why you see lightning before thunder. As different waves move at different speeds. 

When you speak, you use soundwaves to push the particles in the air around your "soundwave" and people around you can hear you.

When you look at a wave, you will see, well a wave.
But there are names to the parts of one, the tips or the elevated areas are named "Crests", while the drooping parts are named "Troughs", and the distance between the resting line of a wave is named "Amplitudes", and the distance between waves are named "Wave-lengths".

A wave's "Frequency" can be measured by how many crests appear at a certain time, say 25 crests in 5 seconds, meaning that every second there are 5 crests every 1 second.

Light can be perceived as a wave. Light can be seen as different colours and the frequency can be how bright the light is, and visible light is called electromagnetic waves.
Like Ultraviolet light, X-ray, or Gamma rays. Or Infrared, or radio waves. And these are different frequencies of what we classify as electromagnetic waves. 

Transmission means when a wave transfers materials.
Let's take the sun for an example, imagine how many materials the sun's rays have to pass through to hit the green grass.

First, it has to travel 93 million miles from the deep vacuum of space and that's interesting as light doesn't need a medium to travel through, unlike sound and, electromagnetic waves.
And has to travel through kilometres of the Earth's atmosphere. 

Sound waves are just travelling pressure waves through the air, if you are in a room, and you close the door, you can still faintly hear outside as if someone is speaking to you from outside the sound waves have to travel through the air and then while the air is vibrating with the sound wave, go to the direction of the closed door, and vibrate the air around the outside, though the door and in the room you are in, some frequencies are better at travelling through certain materials.

If you were to put a pencil in a cup of water, it looks like the pencil is bent, and it is refraction, as it is light refraction.
But light refraction is not the only wave that can be refracted,