Chemistry pt. 7: Ionic bonds

 Let's use the group 1 element, let's use sodium. We can use a Lewis dot structure, to visualize this we just draw the element of Na in the middle and draw a single dot on it, the dots on the Lewis dot structure or Lewis diagram mean the number of valence elections.

Let's take two atoms, one Sodium and one Chlorine atom, now Chlorine has 7 valence electrons while Sodium has one, the Chlorine really wants to become a "full atom", meaning 8 valence elections or zero electrons, and the Sodium also wants to be a "full atom" by removing an atom. So what happens if the Sodium gives its valence electron to the Chlorine thus both of them being a full atom.
And since now Chlorine has 8 valence electrons so now it has a negative charge, while Sodium has a positive charge, and what did we learn in physics and in magnetism, well opposites attract.
They form a compound named "Sodium Chloride", or to common folk, table salt. 
A plus one charge for the Sodium and a Negative one for the Chlorine and combined they become a neutral charge. 
This is called an "Ionic bond"

Bonds are when two different atoms either take or give away a valence electron, they become a "bond" thus making a neutral atom combining both to make a "single" whole Ionic bonded atom.

When a neutral atom loses one or more electrons while keeping the amount of protons the same it becomes a cation which is an ion with a positive charge.
And when a neutral atom gains an electron it becomes an anion.

The elements from groups 1,2 and 13 - 18 normally form ions of one charge. So a cation is any element with the word "ion" at the end, so Na ion would be a sodium ion or a Sodium +1 atom.

Certain elements will change their names depending on if they are an anion or cation. For example, for negatively charged ions or anions, a Suflur anion would be a "Sulfide", and a negatively charged Nitrogen would be "Nitride", so what we do is we take the root name and add "ide" at the end.   

And when naming ions or cations, you just say the element and then "ion" at the end. For example Hydrogen ion.

Name the cation first then the anion last, because it comes first in the periodic table. All anions and cations must be written with the lowest integer value. 

Now let's get an example, a Possasium atom (K) is in group 1 of the periodic table so it can have a positive charge or K+1. Chlorine.

Let's take a white cation and a blue anion. One is a positive charge, while the other is a negative charge, and as we know, opposites attract. So they will want to form in ways that will maximise the attractive forces and minimize the repulsive forces. 
Now let's take an element, Rubidium Bromide if we were to separate these elements into their anions and cations. It would be a Rubidium cation and a Bromide anion. A Rubidium element has 37 elections, but since it is a cation and it has lost one of its elections, so now it looks more like Krypton, which has 36 elections.
Now the bromide anion even though it has only 35 protons is going to gain an electron and now has an election amount similar to Krypton. These two elements have the same amount of electronics, but Rubidum has 2 more electrons than Bromide. And now Rubidum will be smaller compared to the Bromide atom.