Nauru

Pronounced Nau-roo. It is the least visited country in the world (beating North Korea).

Some linguists speculate that the name Nauru comes from the word Anaoero, which means "I go to the beach".

The county is situated in Oceania, Melanesia and Micronesia, but categorically their country is in Micronesia, not "the Federated States of Micronesia".

It is the smallest country in Oceania, being only 8.1 square miles or 21 square kilometres, the country's perimeter is only 12 miles or 19 kilometres long.

Nauru is split into 14 Administrative districts, but when election time rolls around the country is split into 8 regions to give their votes.

Nauru is the only country in the world to not have an official Capital, most say it is Yaren because it is where the parliament and administrative buildings are and is the only airport to their country Nauru International. 
But Yaren is considered a "Main District".

Yaren is the 3d largest town with around 1700, on the island, the second largest is Menen with around 1,400 people, and the largest is Arijejen with 2400.

Coming into Nauru is quite difficult as the whole country is surrounded by jagged coral reefs that's why they don't really have many seaports.
There are really only 2 small harbours capable of holding small to medium-sized boats, one at Anibare on the east side, and one Aiwo at on the west.

Since the whole country is literally an oval, there is one ring road that covers the whole country named 'The Island Ringroad" taking around 1 hour to travel around the whole country by car, and there is also a bus every hour that drives on that road.
There are also unpaved gravel roads that cross between the country to shortcut around the country. 
On one of these roads is the "Nauru Detention Centres", which are sites that hold prisoners from Australia to detain illegal immigrants. 

There is also a 3-mile or 4.82km rail system that transports Phosphate off the coast of Aiwo.

Nauru gets less than 1000 people a year in tourists, but if you do come here some places are interesting like:
The Yeren Parlement building, Buala Lagoon, the Moqua well and cave, Frigate bird games, Anabare bay, a central plateau named "Topside", WW2 artillery, the Linkbelt Oval Sportfield, and then Scuba diving.

Nauru sits on the Southern Pacific plate only 34 miles or 56km away from the Equator, they are one of the great Phosphate rock islands the other two being Kiribati's Banaba island, and then 3,000 miles or 4828km away Makatea island across the international date line in French Polynesia.

The reason why they have so much Phosphate is because of bird poop, over thousands of years, poop droppings from migrating birds leave these 3 islands with plenty amount of Phosphate.

Around 300 meters inland from the jagged coast is the most fertile land in Nauru, and in the south is Buada Lagoon, Nauru doesn't have rivers or streams so most of its water is either desalination plants or through rainwater collection.
In the centre you reach a more grassy plateau, the highest point being Command Ridge at 233 feet or 720 meters tall this is where most of the Phosphate was mined for the past few decades. 

In 1968 they had the highest GDP in the world after they opened up the Phosphate mines, but they knew that these Phosphate mines would eventually deplete so they put most of their money into Trust funds. 
Sadly most of the funds put into these Trusts, were mismanaged and most were lost, almost making Nauru bankrupt, they are a cash-only country. 
Other than the dwindling phosphate reserves, they also have fishing, and the very minute crops they grow on the island.

In the Buada lagoon, they practice Aquaculture, in which they raise Milkfish, which predate European settlers, but most basic goods must be imported via Australia or New Zealand.

The food here is kinda fatty, as most grocery stores have to wait up to 6 weeks per shipment of goods, so most have to either get what they can on the island or stock up on non-perishables.
Most Nauruans eat grilled or fried fish in their meals, along with pandanus and pineapple, with over 130 Chinese restaurants with burgers, pizza and spam fried rice is common. 
This diet is one of the reasons why Nauru is "The most Obese country in the world", with over 70% being obese, and 94% overweight.

The country's population is 12,688 it is the 3d least populated nation, after Tuvalu and Vatican City, around 60% of the population is Nauruan, 24% of other Asians and Pacific islanders, and 8% Europeans, 8% is Han Chinese.

The Australian dollar as their currency, type I plug outlet and they drive on the left side of the road.

There are an estimated of around 15,000 Nauruans around the world, around 1,000 Nauruans live in Australia, and 8000 in the USA, although everyone in Nauru speaks English, the mother tongue is Nauruan, it is technically a Micronesian language.

They also have a strange way of displaying cardinal direction that only works on their island, there are 4 main directions: Pawa top left, Pawa bottom left, Pwiju bottom, Pwiju and top left.
those cover quadrants of the island, and then Arijejen for left and Ganokoro for right, both cover the interior of the island (please just google it makes more sense).

Pictures of Nauruan wearing armour made from coconut fibres and pufferfish helmets, they also do Teigen which is a type of music festival, and also Frigate bird fishing.

Nauruans also enjoy weightlifting, AFL and Rugby, Nauru also signed in 2001 the Pacific Solution Agreement with Australia to detain illegal immigrants to Australia, the highest number of people held at the Nauru detention facility was 1233 in 2014.

The rough history is:
Micronesia and Polynesia came in, 12 tribes were established, British wailers stopped by and traded, tribal war in 1878, Germans came in, and they Established kings, then the Phosphate was discovered by Albert Fuller Ellis, then in WW2 Australia captured Nauru, then Influenza virus hits, then Japan takes over in WW2, then they relocate lots of Nauruans to Chuuk island, they get help from Australia to fight off the Japanese, around 800 Nauruans come back from Chuuk island, 1868 independence.

Some famous people are mainly from the government: King Aweida, Hammer DeRoburt (founding president), Marlene Moses, Keiren Keke, David Adeang, Itte Detenamo, Alopua Tetoa (football player), Yukiio Peter (weight lifter), Reana Solomon (weight lifter), their President is an Olympic gold medal winner and won 7 gold medals at the Commonwealth games.

For outside relations, the Soloman Islands, Kiribati, and The Federated States of Micronesia have good ties due to them being Island nations, along with Fiji to help further their studies and education, Nauru is one of the 4 countries to recognise Abkhazia and South Ossetia as independent nation-states to which Russia gave them around 50 million in aid, then in 1981 they recognised the Sadr the Saudi Arab Democratic Republic but in the 2000s they withdrew the tie to sign accords with Morocco because they wanted to invest in their phosphate mines.

Then when they joined the UN Nauru recognised Taiwan as a country, in 2002 Taiwan cut ties with Nauru because Nauru recognised the PRC instead.
Then in 2003, they were sad about losing Taiwan, so they closed their embassy in China and reestablished ties with Taiwan in 2005.
But most likely Australia is their best ally as they are the ones that helped Nauru the most and both have agreements keeping Nauru afloat.