Chemistry pt. 4: Ions

 Let's take Carbon, one atom of Carbon has 6 Protons and if it is a neutral Carbon it will have 6 Electrons, to get Ion you need to have an unequal amount of Protons and Electrons.

So let's take a Carbon with one less Electron than a Proton, then it would be a C+1 Proton atom. Now let's take a Carbon atom with one more Electron than Proton (5 Protons, 6 Electrons.
Well since we have only 5 Protons and not 6, the element we are dealing with is now Boron, neutral Boron would have 5 Protons and 5 Election, but in this case, the Boron has one extra electric charge (on extra Proton, 6 Protons and 5 Electrons), you could write it as B-1 or Boron minus 1 Electron, this would be a Boron Ion.

Now let's take Platinum, it has a mass number of 195 (Protons and Electrons added together) and contains 74 Electrons, we want to find what its charge is.
On average Platinum has 78 Protons, so if we do 74 - 78, we are left with 4, meaning that there are 4 more Protons than Electrons in a Platinum atom, so it would be a positively charged Atom,
the name of this type of atom is a Cation which is a positive Ion, and the inverse or negatively charged atom is an Anion. 

But let's say we also need to figure out how many Protons and Neutrons it contains and what is its charge, we already know that Platinum has 78 Protons, and an atomic mass number is its Protons plus the Neutrons, all you have to do is minus 195 - 78 which would get you to 117, so the amount of Neutrons in a Platinum atom is 117.

Let us take a Calcium atom, Calcium has 20 Protons, and for this example let us say that this atom has 18 Elections, if you know, Electrons give a negative charge, and Protons give a positive charge, so if we do 20 (protons) minus 18 Elections, we get 2, so there are two more Protons, so this Calcium atom has 2 extra Protons, if an atom has an equal amount of Protons and Electrons, they are a neutral atom, but since there is two extra Protons this specific Calcium atom is a positive Calcium atom or C+2.
The "+2" means plus two Protons.

If we do a Calcium atom with 20 Protons, 21 Electrons and 17 Neutrons, well 20-21 is 1, so that extra one, is minus since Electrons are minus charges, this atom would be a Calcium with a negative charge or C-1, notice how the Neutrons did not matter in the calculations, as Neutrons have no impact to the calculation of Ions.